Daf 107 — Chullin 107 Summary

Chullin 107 – Good Morning Raboisai How Far Up Must One Wash? The Gemara continues the discussion of how far up the hands must be washed for Netilas Yadayim. Rav: • For chullin → up to the second joint of the fingers • For terumah → further, up to the knuckles Shmuel: • Even for chullin we are stringent and wash up to the knuckles Rav Sheshes: • Takes the more lenient position Rebbe Ami was seen washing: • Up to the knuckles The Gemara considers whether this was because he was a Kohen and needed to be careful with terumah, but notes that others who were not Kohanim also washed this far. Washing in the Morning for Later Rav says: A person may wash his hands in the morning and make a tenai: • That this washing should remain effective for eating bread later in the day Provided: • He carefully guards his hands • He knows they did not become dirty The Gemara brings two versions: One version: • This works specifically when water will not be available later Another version: • The tenai can be made generally Water Flowing Through a Channel – Koach Gavra Rav Pappa discusses an irrigation channel: • A person draws water • Pours it into the channel • Someone further down puts his hands into the flowing water If his hands are: • Close to where the water is poured → valid • Further downstream → invalid Why? Netilas Yadayim requires: • Koach gavra – water coming through human force Further downstream: • The original human force has ended • The water is flowing by itself Close to where it was poured: • The person's force is still moving the water Immersing in the Channel The channel can work differently if: • There is a continuous connection between the channel and the original river In that case: • The water in the channel is considered connected to the river • One can immerse his hands in it Key Difference Netilah: • Requires koach gavra Tevilah: • Can work through immersion in a properly connected body of water כלי – The Vessel What Makes a Valid Kli? The Gemara discusses several requirements of the vessel used for Netilas Yadayim. A kli with a large enough hole: • Is invalid The significant hole is one through which: • Water can enter the vessel when it is placed in water An object that was not made to hold water, such as: • A barrel cover • An ordinary sack or similar item Cannot normally be used. However: • If it was specifically prepared to function as a water container, it can become a valid kli. A Revi’is – Even for Two People Netilas Yadayim normally begins with: • A revi’is of water A vessel too small to contain: • A revi’is Cannot be used. However, the Gemara teaches: • One revi’is can sometimes be enough for two people The first person begins washing when: • A full revi’is is present Even though less remains afterwards: • The second person may wash with the remainder Reason The washing began with: • The required shiur The Gemara therefore distinguishes between the requirements concerning: • The kli • The appearance of the water • The shiur of the water The second person's remaining water can be less than a revi’is because: • They began with the proper amount. Eating Bread Without Touching It Can a Mappah Replace Netilas Yadayim? The Gemara asks: May someone eat bread: • With a mappah – a cloth • Without washing his hands? The idea: • His hands will not directly touch the bread Concern Perhaps: • He will accidentally touch the bread. Rebbe Tzadok & Rav Rebbe Tzadok was given: • Less than a kebeitzah of bread He: • Wrapped his hands in a mappah • Ate it outside the sukkah • Did not bentch afterwards Can this prove that a mappah replaces Netilas Yadayim? No. The case involved: • Less than a kebeitzah Therefore: • It does not establish the rule for a regular bread meal. Shmuel also saw Rav: • Eating with a mappah But Rav explained: • He had already washed his hands • He used the mappah because he was an istanis – particular about touching his food Therefore Rav's case also does not prove: • That a mappah can replace Netilas Yadayim. Kohanim Eating Terumah Shmuel teaches: • A mappah was permitted for Kohanim eating terumah Why? Kohanim are: • Zerizim – especially careful They can therefore be trusted: • Not to accidentally touch the food. This does not prove the same leniency: • For an ordinary person eating chullin. Who Must Wash – The Eater or the Feeder? Rav Huna Being Fed The Gemara discusses whether a person must wash if: • Someone else puts the bread directly into his mouth • He never touches it himself Rav Huna was fed: • Bread directly into his mouth However: • Rav Huna himself had already washed his hands This suggests that: • The person eating may still require Netilas Yadayim • Even though someone else is feeding him. The Shamash Rav teaches: One should not give bread to a shamash unless: • He knows that the shamash washed his hands. This appears to prove: • The eater must wash • Even if someone else feeds him directly. Gemara's Response A shamash may be different because: • He is busy serving • He may come to touch the bread himself Therefore: • This is not yet a conclusive proof. Giving Food to the Shamash The Gemara also teaches: A guest should not give food to: • The shamash Without: • The baal habayis's permission Reason The baal habayis may become upset: • That his food is being given away This could lead to: • Danger during the meal. The Shamash and Brachos The Gemara discusses whether a shamash must make a new bracha each time he receives more food. With wine: • He may assume he will not receive another cup • Therefore, another cup may require another bracha With bread: • He may expect to receive another piece • Therefore, he does not necessarily make another Hamotzi The Gemara discusses how the presence of: • An important person at the meal can affect what the shamash expects to receive. A Woman Feeding Her Child The Gemara brings a woman who: • Feeds bread to her young child She washes: • The hand she uses to feed him This might appear to prove: • The feeder also requires washing. Rejected Her washing is because of: • Ruach ra on the hands Therefore: • It does not prove that a person must wash simply because he is feeding bread to somebody else. Young Shmuel and His Rebbe The daf concludes with the story of: • Young Shmuel His father found him: • Crying He asked: • Why are you crying? Shmuel explained: • His Rebbe had hit him. The issue involved: • Washing before being fed bread Shmuel's response established the distinction between: • The person eating • The person feeding him Conclusion The person eating bread: • Must wash his hands • Even if somebody else puts the bread directly into his mouth The person feeding him: • Does not need Netilas Yadayim merely because he is handling and feeding the bread. Key Chazarah • Rav: chullin requires washing to the second joint and terumah to the knuckles; Shmuel is stringent even for chullin. • One may wash in the morning with a tenai for later, provided the hands remain guarded. • Netilah through flowing water requires koach gavra; tevilah can work when the channel remains properly connected to the original water. • Netilas Yadayim requires a valid kli; a large hole can invalidate it, while an object specifically prepared to hold water can become a valid kli. • Washing normally begins with a revi’is, but the same revi’is can sometimes serve two people consecutively. • The Gemara discusses whether a mappah can replace washing. Rebbe Tzadok and Rav do not provide conclusive proofs. • Kohanim eating terumah have a special mappah leniency because they are zerizim. • A shamash must wash before eating bread, and the Gemara also discusses giving him food and whether he repeats his brachos. • The woman feeding her child washes because of ruach ra, not because every feeder requires Netilas Yadayim. • The story of young Shmuel establishes the conclusion: the eater must wash even when being fed; the feeder does not need to wash merely because he is feeding him. Catch up, review, download previous Dafim & more: https://www.dafchazarah.co.uk Now available as an app (Apple, Google & Amazon): https://dafchazarah.co.uk/download Sponsor a day: https://dafchazarah.co.uk/sponsor לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל