Daf 78 — Zevachim 78 Summary

Zevachim 78 – Good Morning Raboisai Summary of Reb Eli Stefansky’s Shiur New Mishnah — Eivarim of an Olah Mixed With Eivarim of a Ba’al Mum We revisit a case from earlier in the Masechta: Case: Limbs of a kosher Olah get mixed with limbs of an Olah that had a blemish . Rules: • If one head was placed on the Mizbeach → We assume that the one that went up was the blemished one , so all remaining heads may be offered. • If all four legs of one animal went up → All the remaining legs may also be offered. But: If only three legs went up (not all four) → You may NOT offer the remaining ones. It must be “complete” like a full pair or full set. This matches the principle: We only rely on the chazakah if a full limb - set was placed. Clarifying Rebbi Eliezer: One or Two at a Time? Rebbi Eliezer said: When one head is placed on the Mizbeach we allow all. But the Gemara explains: He never meant “one head” literally. He meant: One pair ( שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם ) — meaning two at a time . Why? • When you hold two limbs simultaneously, one is guaranteed kosher . • Since one is definitely kosher → the pair is viewed as kosher → → both are accepted through migo . If you place only one at a time, you cannot assume it is the kosher one. Thus: “One” = one pair , not a single limb. Final Limb Left Over? — DON’T Offer It Even according to Rebbi Eliezer: If one single limb remains → Do NOT put it on the Mizbeach. It is assumed to be the blemished one. So: • When offering two - at - a - time → permitted • The final leftover single → absolutely forbidden This strictness prevents accidentally offering a blemished limb. New Mishnah — Blood Mixed With Liquids Three scenarios: A. Blood mixed with water If it still looks like blood → kosher for Zerika. Colour determines validity. B. Blood mixed with red wine This is today’s central sugya. Wine and blood share the same colour. So how do we judge the mixture? The Mishnah says one powerful word: רואין — we “view it as if” the wine is water. Meaning: We pretend the wine is water and ask: If this amount of “water” had mixed with this blood, would the blood still look like blood? If yes → kosher. If not → pasul. This is a foundational halachic device: When two items look identical, we reclassify one artificially to judge it. C. Blood mixed with non - korban blood Example: Blood of a deer or other non - kosher - for - Mizbeach blood mixed with korban blood. Again — we “view” the foreign blood as if it were water. But Rabbi Yehuda argues: Blood cannot nullify blood ( אין דם מבטל דם ). Even a tiny drop of valid blood mixed into a barrel of non - korban blood remains valid for Zerika! This is astonishing: One drop against gallons — still kosher. Because min b’mino does not nullify. Blood Mixed With Pesulim (e.g., Pigul) If blood of Pigul mixes with kosher blood: Yishafech la’Amah — Pour the entire mixture down the drainage channel. A severe psul in the blood = the entire batch is discarded. Rabbi Yehuda does not argue here. Blood Mixed With Dam HaTamtzis (post - death blood) Dam HaTamtzis is darker and invalid for Zerika. If it mixes with Dam HaNefesh: Discard it (Yishafech la’Amah). Rabbi Yehuda again disagrees: He allows it if it still looks like Dam HaNefesh. But What If He Used It Anyway? If the Kohen mistakenly performed Zerika with the mixture (which should have been discarded): It is kosher b’dieved. Because the psul was derabbanan — not de’oraisa. AMAZING SUGYA — Blood Dropping Into Water One Drop at a Time Scenario: A bowl of water Blood drops in one drop at a time . Each drop becomes batel immediately. Eventually the bowl turns red. Question: Is this final red count as valid Dam for Zerika? The answer depends: A. Blood for Korban (Dam HaNefesh) NOT valid Because each drop was dachui (pushed off) when it fell in. “Once rejected → always rejected.” Dichui applies in kodesh . B. Blood for Kisuy HaDam (Chayah/Of) VALID Because mitzvos have no dichui . Once enough blood accumulates to be red again: The mitzvah “awakens” — חוזר וניעור This is a huge yesod: **You cannot push off a mitzvah. You CAN push off kodesh.** Reish Lakish’s Wild Case — Eating Pigul & Nosar Together Imagine someone has: • A kezayis of Pigul • A kezayis of Nosar Witnesses warn him: “You’ll get malkus if you eat this!” He eats both together , chews them, swallows them. Reish Lakish says: He is exempt from malkus. Why? When he chews them together: • One becomes 51% , the other 49% (inevitable in any mixture) • The larger one nullifies the smaller • But we have no idea which is which Therefore: He may have eaten Pigul (with no Nosar) Or Nosar (with no Pigul) Witnesses cannot specify → Asra’as Safek → no malkus This also teaches: • Even Isurim can nullify each other (bitul be’rov), when they taste identical. Taste vs. Majority — Two Systems of Bitul In mixtures, two halachic mechanisms exist: 1. Bitul by taste (ta’am ke’ikar) → 1 in 60 2. Bitul by majority → 51% The Gemara asks: Why don't we apply “Re’iyah” (pretending one item is different) in taste cases as well? Example: Two pieces of meat — Pigul & Nosar. They taste the same, so taste cannot help. Why not pretend one is watermelon (like we pretend wine is water) and use shiur of taste? Gemara answers: The “Re’iyah trick” applies only where the Torah gives us a color test , not a taste test . Blood colour can be judged by pretending. Taste halachos cannot. Last Sugya — Tumah of a Kli With White Wine or Milk A kli full of white wine or milk goes into the mikveh. Problem: • The liquid forms a chatzitzah (interposition). • The kli is not fully in contact with mikveh water. Rebbi Yehuda says: Use Re’iyah : Pretend the white wine is red wine . If red wine would look diluted (i.e., more water than wine), the immersion is kosher. If not — pasul. This shows a Tanna does use “Re’iyah” even outside blood halachos. But another Tanna rejects this. Hence: The entire principle of “Re’iyah” is a machlokes Tannaim. Takeaway – Zevachim 78 • “One limb” in the Mishnah means one pair — two - at - a - time — ensuring one is kosher. • The final leftover limb is assumed to be pasul and cannot be brought. • “Re’iyah” = pretending one liquid is another → used when colours match (blood & wine). • Rabbi Yehuda holds blood cannot nullify blood , even 1 drop vs. gallons. • Pigul/Nosar mixture eaten together → no malkus due to asra’as safek . • Two bitul systems: majority and taste ; “Re’iyah” does not apply to taste. • Blood for Korban can be pushed off (dichui); blood for Kisuy HaDam cannot . • “Re’iyah” in chatzitzah cases proves it is a Tanna - level machlokes . לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל