Daf 132 — Chullin 132 Summary

Chullin 132 – Good Morning Raboisai A Kohenes Receiving Matanos Ulla Gave the Matanos to a Kohenes Ulla would give the Matanos – Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah – to a Kohenes, the daughter of a Kohen. This teaches that although the Torah describes these as gifts to a “Kohen”: • A Kohenes is also eligible to receive them. • Even when she is married to a Yisrael, the Matanos can be given to her. But a Kohenes Is Different for a Minchah The Gemara challenges this from the laws of a Minchah. When a male Kohen brings a Minchah: • The entire Minchah is burned. • It is not eaten. However, when a Kohenes brings a Minchah: • Her Minchah may be eaten. So clearly: • A Kohenes is not always treated exactly like a male Kohen. Why, then, can she receive Matanos Kehunah? “Aharon U’Vanav” The answer is that by Minchah the Torah specifically says: • Aharon U’Vanav. This limits that particular Halachah to: • Male Kohanim. The laws of Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah have: • A different derivation. Miut Achar Miut Regarding Matanos, the Gemara derives the inclusion of a Kohenes through: • Miut achar miut. When the Torah gives: • Two exclusions the rule is: • Ein miut achar miut ela l’rabos. The double exclusion comes to include: • A Kohenes. Therefore she may receive: • Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah. A Husband Can Receive Through His Wife The Gemara gives practical examples: • Rav Kahana received Matanos because of his wife. • Rav Papa also received because his wife was a Bas Kohen. Therefore a Yisrael married to: • A Kohenes can receive and eat the Matanos: • Through his wife's entitlement. Chazarah From Yesterday Three Halachos The Gemara reviews several conclusions: • The Halachah follows Rav regarding the Safek whether Levi’im are included in “Ha’Am” for Matanos. • Matanos that were destroyed involve the rule of Mamon she’ein lo tov’im – no individual Kohen has a specific claim. • The Halachah follows Ulla that a Kohenes can receive Matanos. A Leviyah and Pidyon HaBen Leviyah Sheyaldah Another Halachah: If a woman is: • A Leviyah and she gives birth to a firstborn son: • The child is exempt from Pidyon HaBen. The transcript notes a discussion among the Rishonim concerning: • The circumstances of the father but the central point of the Gemara is: • The mother's Levi status can create the exemption. Kilayim and Matanos A Sheep - Goat Cross The Gemara now discusses an animal produced from: • Two different Beheimos. For example: • One parent is a sheep. • The other is a goat. This is Kilayim. Since both parents are: • Beheimos the animal is obligated in: • Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah. Whichever parent we consider: • It comes from a type obligated in Matanos. The Koy Behemah or Chayah? The Gemara next discusses a Koy. This is more complicated because: • Beheimos are obligated in Matanos. • Chayos are exempt. A similar distinction exists with Kisuy HaDam: • Chayah requires Kisuy HaDam. • Behemah does not. Therefore an animal with both elements raises: • Several Safekos. Do We Consider the Father? The issue includes: • Chosheshin l’zera ha’av – whether the father's species is halachically significant. If one parent is: • A Chayah and the other: • A Behemah we must determine how much weight is given to: • Each parent. This affects both: • Kisuy HaDam • And Matanos. “Seh” – Does It Mean a Complete Seh? A second issue is how we understand the Torah's word: • Seh. Does the obligation require: • A complete Seh or is: • Even part Seh sufficient? This becomes critical when the animal is: • Only partially from a species obligated in Matanos. Half the Matanos The Gemara concludes in the relevant case: • Chayav b’chatzi Matanos. The Kohen can receive: • Half of the Matanos. For the remaining half: • The owner can say, “Bring a proof that I owe it.” This is a monetary Safek: • Hamotzi meichaveiro alav hara’ayah. Koy Has Features of Both Behemah, Chayah and Both A Beraisa teaches that a Koy has: • Ways in which it resembles a Behemah. • Ways in which it resembles a Chayah. • Ways in which it resembles both. For example: • Its Cheilev follows the relevant Behemah restriction. • Its blood requires Kisuy HaDam like a Chayah. • Its Dam and Gid are prohibited as with both Behemah and Chayah. Why Does the Beraisa Say “Chayav”? The Beraisa says that a Koy is: • Chayav in Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah. But we just said: • Only half the Matanos may actually be collectible. Why doesn't the Beraisa say: • Chayav b’chatzi Matanos? The Gemara explains that the wording follows the other laws listed there. For Kisuy HaDam: • You don't cover “half the blood.” The blood is: • Covered completely. The Matanos, however, can still practically be: • Half. “Im Shor, Im Seh” The Extra Words The Torah describes the Matanos with: • Im shor • Im seh. The Gemara asks: Why are the words: • “Im” necessary? Kilayim and Koy According to one opinion, the extra wording teaches: • Kilayim is included. • Koy is included. Therefore the Torah itself extends: • The laws of Matanos beyond the simplest case of: • A pure sheep or ox. Another Use of “Im” Rebbe Eliezer uses the extra word differently. Without it, we might have thought: • The obligation applies only where someone has both a Shor and a Seh. The Torah teaches: • Even one animal alone is obligated. “Me’eis Zovchei HaZevach” The other opinion derives this from: • Me’eis zovchei hazevach. “HaZevach” is: • Singular. Therefore: • Even shechting one eligible animal creates the obligation of: • Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah. The Obligation Is on the Shochet HaDin Im HaTabach Rava teaches: • HaDin im haTabach. The Kohen can direct his claim toward: • The person who shechted the animal. Even where the Shochet: • Is not the owner he has responsibility regarding: • The Matanos. This becomes important in the next Mishnah. A Bechor Mixed With Other Animals Bechor She’nisarev B’Me’ah The Mishnah discusses: • A Bechor mixed among one hundred animals. A Bechor is: • Exempt from Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah. But we no longer know: • Which animal is the Bechor. One Hundred Different Shochtim If one hundred different people each shecht: • One animal each person can say: • “Perhaps mine was the Bechor.” Therefore: • Each one is exempt from giving the Matanos. The Kohen would need to prove: • That this particular animal was not the Bechor. One Person Shechts All of Them If one person shechts: • All one hundred animals he cannot use the Bechor exemption: • One hundred times. There is only: • One Bechor in the mixture. Therefore: • He can exempt only one animal's Matanos. The others: • Remain obligated. Why Doesn't the Kohen Demand the Whole Bechor? There seems to be an obvious problem. If the owner says: • “Perhaps this animal is the Bechor” the Kohen could respond: • “Then give me the entire Bechor!” The Gemara therefore establishes the case as: • A Bechor which had already been given to a Kohen. • It subsequently developed a permanent Mum. • The Kohen then sold it to a Yisrael. • Afterwards it became mixed with the other animals. Therefore: • The Kohen has no claim to the entire Bechor. But its Bechor status still creates: • The exemption from Matanos. Shechting for a Kohen or Non - Jew The Mishnah If a Yisrael shechts an animal belonging to: • A Kohen • Or a non - Jew he is exempt from giving: • Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah. Why does the Mishnah phrase it as: • A Yisrael shechting for them? Why not simply say: • A Kohen and non - Jew are exempt? Another Proof for HaDin Im HaTabach Rava explains that the Mishnah is teaching: • HaDin im haTabach. Normally: • The Shochet is the person the Kohen approaches for the Matanos. Here the Shochet can answer: • The animal belongs to a Kohen or non - Jew. Therefore: • There is no obligation. Partnership With a Kohen A Kohen Partner The Mishnah discusses an animal owned in partnership with: • A Kohen • Or a non - Jew. Such ownership can create: • An exemption from Matanos. The gemorah describes how there would be: • A recognizable sign showing that the animal had: • Kohen ownership. This prevented people from thinking: • The Matanos were simply being withheld. Can a Slaughterhouse Use This Trick? This seems to create an obvious business idea: A slaughterhouse could: • Give a Kohen a tiny partnership. • Claim every animal is partly Kohen - owned. • Avoid giving Matanos forever. The Gemara teaches: • It doesn't work that way. A special rule applies when: • This becomes a regular commercial business. Buying an Animal From a Kohen The Kohen Kept the Matanos If a Yisrael purchases an animal from a Kohen and the Kohen explicitly retains: • The Zero’a • Lechayayim • Keivah then: • The purchaser does not have to give them again. The Kohen has already: • Reserved the Matanos for himself. Buying the Innards If someone purchases: • The innards of an animal and the Keivah is included: • The Keivah must be given to the Kohen. If he bought: • By weight then: • Its weight is deducted from the purchase price. He should not have to pay the seller for: • Meat that must be handed over as Matanos. Rav Tavla’s Business Advice The Poor Innkeeper Rav Tavla stayed with a man who was: • Very poor. The man asked: • What can I do to improve my situation? Rav Tavla suggested: • Become a partner with Yisrael butchers. Since he was a Kohen: • The partnership could exempt the animals from Matanos. The butchers would benefit: • And could share the benefit with him. Rav Nachman Stopped It Rav Nachman ruled: • This arrangement could not continue. The man protested: • Rav Tavla himself told me to do it! Rav Nachman strongly instructed him: • Return what you took. Rav Tavla then came to Rav Nachman: • To understand why his advice was rejected. Personal Use vs a Business Rav Nachman explained: The exemption for a Kohen: • Works in the ordinary personal case. But when a Kohen becomes: • A professional butcher • Selling meat as a regular business he cannot use his Kohen status: • To permanently avoid Matanos. Why Not Allow a Few Weeks? Rav Tavla asked: Even if a professional Kohen butcher eventually becomes obligated: • Doesn't he initially receive a short exemption? The Gemara explains: That period applies when: • Someone begins selling casually • And it takes time before it becomes clear that this is now a permanent business. But here: • He deliberately entered an established slaughterhouse partnership as a business arrangement. It was obviously: • Commercial from the beginning. Therefore: • The exemption did not apply even temporarily. A Kohen Butcher Who Refuses Matanos Rav Chisda’s Ruling Rav Chisda says that a Kohen who: • Works professionally as a butcher • And refuses to separate the Matanos can be placed: • In Shamta. His status as a Kohen does not allow him: • To operate commercially while avoiding the Mitzvah. Twenty - Two Years The Gemara mentions Kohen butchers who remained: • Under Rav Chisda's Shamta for twenty - two years. Why mention: • Twenty - two years? This leads into the rules governing: • Enforcement of Mitzvos. Enforcing a Mitzvah Mitzvas Aseh vs Lo Sa’aseh The Gemara distinguishes between: • Someone violating a Lo Sa’aseh • And someone refusing to fulfil a positive Mitzvah. Where a person refuses: • A Mitzvas Aseh Beis Din can pressure him: • Until he performs it. The transcript gives examples such as: • Refusing to perform a required Mitzvah. Taking Property to Force Compliance The Gemara gives examples of Amoraim enforcing obligations: • Rava could take property. • Rav Nachman could take a garment. The purpose is: • Not ordinary monetary collection. Rather: • To force the person to fulfil his Mitzvah. This explains the strong measures available when someone: • Deliberately refuses his obligations. Key Chazarah • A Kohenes may receive Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah. • A husband can receive Matanos through his wife when she is a Bas Kohen. • A Kohenes differs from a male Kohen regarding Minchah because the Torah specifically says Aharon U’Vanav. • A Leviyah who gives birth has an exemption from Pidyon HaBen. • Kilayim from two Beheimos is obligated in Matanos. • A Koy raises questions of Behemah vs Chayah and Chosheshin l’zera ha’av. • In the relevant Safek, only half the Matanos can be collected because Hamotzi meichaveiro alav hara’ayah. • A Koy has laws resembling a Behemah, a Chayah and both. • “Im shor, im seh” provides derivations concerning Kilayim, Koy and the obligation from a single animal. • HaDin im haTabach – the Shochet has responsibility for dealing with the Matanos. • If a Bechor becomes mixed among many animals owned/shechted separately, each can claim his animal may be the exempt Bechor. • If one person has all the animals, the Bechor exemption can only be used once. • The Bechor case is one where it had already been given to a Kohen, developed a Mum, and was sold back to a Yisrael. • Shechting an animal belonging to a Kohen or non - Jew is exempt from Matanos. • A Kohen partnership can create an exemption in the ordinary case, but cannot be used as a permanent commercial device to avoid Matanos. • A professional Kohen butcher is required to give the Matanos. • A Kohen butcher who refuses can be placed in Shamta. • Beis Din can pressure someone who refuses to fulfil a Mitzvas Aseh until he performs it. 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