Daf 10 — Bechoros 10 Summary

Bechoros 10 – Good Morning Raboisai 1 ⃣ Is Petor Chamor Assur B’Hanaah? 👉 Today’s Sugya focuses on Petor Chamor and whether one may benefit from the donkey. There are two stages to discuss: ● Before the Petor Chamor is redeemed. ● If it is not redeemed and Arifah is performed. Rebbe Yehudah holds that before redemption: ● The Petor Chamor is Assur B’Hanaah. Rebbe Shimon holds: ● It is Mutar B’Hanaah. According to Rebbe Shimon, one may therefore benefit from the donkey before its redemption. 10_transcript 2 ⃣ Rebbe Shimon’s Reason 👉 Ulla explains Rebbe Shimon’s reasoning. Could it be that: ● The item used for the Pidyon is permitted while: ● The item being redeemed is forbidden? Rebbe Shimon therefore understands that before its Pidyon: ● The donkey is Mutar B’Hanaah. The Gemara challenges this comparison from: ● Shemittah. 3 ⃣ Shemittah – The Kedushah Moves 👉 With Shemittah produce, if it is exchanged for another item: ● The new item receives Kedushas Sheviis. If that item is then exchanged again: ● The Kedushah moves to the newest item. However: ● The original Shemittah produce always remains with its Kedushah. This is expressed as: ● Acharon Acharon Asur The final exchanged item is forbidden, while: ● The original produce also remains forbidden. So the relationship between the original object and its Pidyon: ● Is not always straightforward. 4 ⃣ A Source from the Pesukim 👉 The Gemara then connects the Machlokes to the Pasuk: ● לא תעבוד בבכור שורך ולא תגוז בכור צאנך The Torah prohibits: ● Working with a Bechor ox. ● Shearing a Bechor sheep. The different words in the Pasuk are used to derive: ● Which forms of Bechor are included ● And which are excluded. 5 ⃣ A Bechor Owned in Partnership 👉 The Gemara discusses an animal owned in partnership with: ● A non-Jew. According to Rebbe Yehudah: ● Such a partnership can still have a Chiyuv Bechor. Therefore, a Pasuk is necessary to teach that certain prohibitions involving: ● Working ● Or shearing do not apply in the same way. According to Rebbe Shimon: ● A non-Jewish partnership is already exempt from Bechorah. Therefore, he can use the extra wording for: ● A different Drashah. 6 ⃣ What About a Human Bechor? 👉 If the Pasuk is being used to permit Hanaah from a Petor Chamor, the Gemara asks: How do we know that one may benefit from: ● A firstborn Jewish baby before performing: ● Pidyon HaBen? Obviously, parents may: ● Hold ● Care for ● And benefit from their child. The Gemara therefore explains how the words of the Pasuk are divided between: ● Bechor Adam ● Bechor Behemah ● And the laws of partnership. After Arifah 7 ⃣ Rebbe Shimon Agrees After Arifah 👉 The Gemara now changes focus. Rava says: Even Rebbe Shimon, who permits Hanaah from a living Petor Chamor before redemption, agrees that: ● After Arifah it becomes Assur B’Hanaah. Arifah means: ● Breaking the donkey’s neck when the owner chooses not to redeem it. 8 ⃣ Learning from Eglah Arufah 👉 The Torah also uses Arifah regarding: ● Eglah Arufah. When a murdered person is found and the murderer is unknown: ● The closest city performs the procedure of Eglah Arufah. That animal becomes: ● Assur B’Hanaah. The shared term: ● Arifah connects Eglah Arufah with: ● Petor Chamor. Therefore, after Arifah: ● The Petor Chamor is Assur B’Hanaah. Issurei Hanaah and Tumah 9 ⃣ Can Something Assur B’Hanaah Become Tamei? 👉 The Gemara lists several things that are: ● Assur B’Hanaah. These include: ● Orlah ● Kilay HaKerem ● Shor HaNiskal ● Eglah Arufah ● The bird of a Metzora that is killed ● Petor Chamor ● Basar B’Chalav. The question is: Can these items still be considered: ● Food and therefore become: ● Tamei Tum’as Ochlin? 🔟 Rebbe Shimon – If You Cannot Eat It, It Is Not Food 👉 The Chachamim say these items can generally receive: ● Tum’as Ochlin. Rebbe Shimon disagrees. His principle is: ● אוכל שאתה יכול להאכילו לאחרים To be considered food, it must be something that can at least be: ● Fed to someone else. If nobody may benefit from it: ● It does not have the normal status of food for Tum’as Ochlin. 1 ⃣ 1 ⃣ Basar B’Chalav Is Different 👉 Rebbe Shimon makes an exception for: ● Basar B’Chalav. One reason is that according to his view: ● It may be permitted B’Hanaah. It could therefore potentially be: ● Given or sold to a non-Jew. There is also another reason: Before the meat and milk were cooked together: ● Each was ordinary food. They already had: ● Sha’as HaKosher a time when they were fit to be eaten. Therefore, they retain significance regarding: ● Tumah. 1 ⃣ 2 ⃣ A Proof from Petor Chamor? 👉 If Rebbe Shimon permitted a Petor Chamor: ● Even after Arifah, why would Petor Chamor not also be included among the foods that can: ● Become Tamei? After all, if Hanaah were permitted: ● It could be given to someone who eats donkey meat. The Gemara answers: Donkey meat is not automatically regarded as: ● Normal food. It requires: ● Machshavah – specific intent to use it as food. Without that intention: ● It does not receive the status of food. Issuro Chishuvo 1 ⃣ 3 ⃣ Does the Torah Calling It Forbidden Make It “Food”? 👉 Rav Sheishes introduces an important concept: ● איסורו חישובו Its prohibition itself gives it significance. If the Torah specifically prohibits eating something: ● That may itself demonstrate that it has the status of food. According to this idea: ● A separate Machshavah may not be necessary. 1 ⃣ 4 ⃣ Neveilas Of Tahor 👉 The Gemara challenges this from: ● Neveilas Of Tahor. A kosher bird that dies without Shechitah has a unique Tumah: ● It is Metamei when eaten and enters the Beis HaBeliah. Yet the sources indicate that: ● Machshavah can still be required. If Issuro Chishuvo were enough: ● Why should any additional thought be necessary? The Gemara initially tries to explain: ● This source follows Rebbe Shimon. 1 ⃣ 5 ⃣ A Dead Non-Kosher Animal 👉 Another Beraisa discusses: ● Neveilas Behemah Temeiah. In places where people would not normally eat such meat: ● Machshavah is required to establish it as: ● Food. Again, this seems difficult if: ● The Torah’s Issur automatically makes it food. The Gemara again attempts to connect the source with: ● Rebbe Shimon. 1 ⃣ 6 ⃣ One Kosher Siman Makes a Difference 👉 The Gemara distinguishes certain non-kosher animals that nevertheless possess: ● One kosher Siman. Examples discussed include animals such as: ● The camel ● And pig. Rebbe Shimon can regard these differently because: ● They possess at least one Siman associated with kosher animals. A donkey, however: ● Does not have such a Siman. Therefore, its meat may still require: ● Machshavah. 1 ⃣ 7 ⃣ Issuro Chishuvo Is Not Enough by Itself 👉 The Gemara eventually explains that: ● Issuro Chishuvo is not necessarily a standalone principle. Simply because the Torah says something is forbidden does not automatically make it: ● Food in every situation. However, Issuro Chishuvo can combine with: ● Another factor to give the object importance as food. Shechitah Can Add Importance 1 ⃣ 8 ⃣ Shechting a Non-Kosher Animal 👉 Suppose someone properly shechts: ● A non-kosher animal or bird. The Shechitah does not make it: ● Kosher. However, performing a proper Shechitah can show that the animal is being treated as: ● Food. This can affect: ● Tum’as Ochlin. 1 ⃣ 9 ⃣ Shechitah + Issuro Chishuvo 👉 The Gemara explains an important combination: ● Shechitah alone may not be enough. ● Issuro Chishuvo alone may not be enough. But together: ● They can establish the item as food. The fact that the Torah recognizes it as something people eat, combined with: ● An act of Shechitah, gives it sufficient: ● Chashivus. 2 ⃣ 0 ⃣ Shechitah for Practice 👉 The Gemara discusses someone who shechts a non-kosher bird: ● Merely to practise Shechitah. The question is whether such a Shechitah gives the animal: ● The status of food. This depends on whether the Shechitah demonstrates: ● Genuine preparation for eating or was merely: ● An act of practice. Back to Petor Chamor 2 ⃣ 1 ⃣ Hana’as Damav and Hana’as Gufo 👉 The Gemara distinguishes between two forms of benefit: ● Hana’as Damav – monetary benefit from the animal. ● Hana’as Gufo – physically using the animal itself. Examples of Hana’as Damav include: ● Selling it ● Renting it out. Examples of Hana’as Gufo include: ● Working with it ● Using the animal itself for personal benefit. 2 ⃣ 2 ⃣ Why Do We Need Both Cases? 👉 The Gemara explains that both types of Hanaah must be discussed. If we were told only about: ● Hana’as Damav, we might think Rebbe Shimon permits it because: ● The benefit is only monetary. But perhaps he would agree with Rebbe Yehudah that: ● Hana’as Gufo is forbidden. And if we were told only about: ● Hana’as Gufo, we might misunderstand the extent of: ● Rebbe Yehudah’s prohibition. Therefore: ● Both cases are necessary. 📌 Key Chazarah ● Rebbe Yehudah holds a living Petor Chamor before Pidyon is Assur B’Hanaah; Rebbe Shimon permits Hanaah. ● The Gemara analyzes their Machlokes through the Pesukim dealing with Bechor. ● Rava says even Rebbe Shimon agrees that after Arifah, Petor Chamor is Assur B’Hanaah. ● This is learned from the connection between Arifah of Petor Chamor and Eglah Arufah. ● The Gemara discusses whether Issurei Hanaah can still have the status of food for Tum’as Ochlin. ● Rebbe Shimon generally requires food to be something that can be fed to others. ● Basar B’Chalav is different because of Sha’as HaKosher and, according to Rebbe Shimon, the possibility of Hanaah. ● Donkey meat is not automatically treated as food and may require Machshavah. ● Issuro Chishuvo means that an Issur can contribute to an item’s Chashivus as food. ● Issuro Chishuvo may not work alone, but can combine with another factor such as Shechitah. ● The Gemara distinguishes Hana’as Damav from Hana’as Gufo when discussing benefit from Petor Chamor. 📘 Catch up, review, download previous Dafim & more: https://www.dafchazarah.co.uk 📲 Now available as an app (Apple, Google & Amazon): https://dafchazarah.co.uk/download 🤝 Sponsor a day: https://dafchazarah.co.uk/sponsor לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל