Daf 25 — Menachos 25 Summary

Menachos 25 – Good Morning Raboisai One Minchah, Three Pieces – Lost, Found, and Replaced The daf opens with a complex case: • A Minchah was divided into two halves • One half was lost • A replacement half ( מופרש ) was brought • Then the lost half was found Now there are three portions : 1. Original half ( רִאׁשֹון ) 2. Lost - and - found half ( אָבּוד ) 3. Replacement half ( ָׁש מֻפְר ) All three are now sitting in one vessel . The question: How do tumah and kemitzah apply when all three are present? Tumah – Who Becomes Tamei? (Initial Approach) Initial thought: • Tumah only spreads between connected partners Cases: • If the lost piece becomes tamei → it connects to the original • If the replacement becomes tamei → it connects to the original • If the original becomes tamei → both others might become tamei But this approach breaks down logically. Abaye’s Rule – “They’re All One Family” Abaye resolves it: All three portions belong to one Minchah Why? • The replacement was brought only to complete the original • The lost piece was part of the original from the start Therefore: Any tumah touching one piece makes all three tamei They are treated as: • One household • One korban • One halachic unit Kemitzah – Can Any Shirayim Be Eaten? Now comes the harder question: • A kemitzah is taken from one of the three portions Problem: • We don’t know which Minchah the kemitzah is permitting • Part of the kemitzah may correspond to an invalid portion Thus: None of the shirayim may be eaten The “One - Third” Problem Illustration: • Kemitzah is taken from the combined mass • Roughly: o ⅓ corresponds to each portion If even one - third belongs to an invalid Minchah: • The kemitzah is not fully valid • You cannot burn a kemitzah that includes chullin Therefore: The kemitzah cannot properly permit eating. Rav Ashi – The Kohen’s Intent Matters Rav Ashi suggests a possible leniency: • When the Kohen performs kemitzah • His intent is only for the valid portions Thus: • The kemitzah conceptually applies only to what is fit However: • This does not fully resolve the problem • Because physically, the kemitzah includes flour from all three The issue remains unresolved practically. If the Kemitzah Becomes Tamei – Does the Tzitz Help? New case: • A dead mouse touches the kemitzah • The kemitzah is then burned Rule: • The Tzitz (forehead plate of the Kohen Gadol) can be מרצה על הטומאה — it atones for tumah But: • Only for tumah • Not for other disqualifications What Does the Tzitz Atone For? The Gemara analyzes multiple possibilities: The Tzitz does NOT atone for: • Pigul (improper intent) • Nosar • Yotzei (taken outside the Mikdash) • Using the left hand • A blemished animal Why? Tumah is sometimes permitted ( הותרה בציבור ) Other disqualifications are never permitted Therefore: The Tzitz is limited to tumah only Individual vs Community – Shogeg and Mezid Important distinction: • Individual korban : o Tumah b’shogeg → works o Tumah b’mezid → penalized ( קנס ) • Communal korban : o Works even b’mezid o No penalties applied to the tzibbur This explains why: Two Baraisos seem to contradict — they discuss different cases Parallel Case – Terumah That Is Tamei Analogy: • Someone gives tamei terumah to a Kohen Rules: • B’shogeg → valid terumah • B’mezid → invalid (penalty) Same structure: • The Torah allows it • Chazal impose a knas on individuals Eating Tamei Kodshim – When Is There Kares? Final major sugya: If meat became tamei: • Before zerikah → never had a “time of fitness” → no kares for eating If meat became tamei: • After zerikah → had a שעת הכושר → eating it incurs kares Key yesod: Only something that was once permitted can create kares Takeaway – Menachos 25 • Replacement portions join the original Minchah fully • Tumah spreads to all parts of the Minchah • Kemitzah cannot permit when ownership is unclear • The Tzitz atones only for tumah • Tumah is lighter because it’s sometimes permitted • Penalties apply to individuals, not the community • Kares requires a prior moment of fitness לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל