Daf 135 — Chullin 135 Summary

Chullin 135 – Good Morning Raboisai How Much of the Zero’a Is Given? From the Knee to the Shoulder The Mishnah defines exactly what part of the foreleg is the Zero’a given to the Kohen. It extends: • Min haPerek shel Arkubah – from the lower knee joint • Ad Kaf shel Yad – up to the shoulder. This includes: • The two main bones of the front leg. The same area is used for: • The Zero’a Besheilah of the Nazir. Chazeh V’Shok Is Larger By certain Korbanos, the Kohen receives: • Chazeh V’Shok – the breast and thigh. The Shok is: • From the rear leg and includes a larger amount of meat than: • The front Zero’a. Rebbe Yehudah – Only One Bone Rebbe Yehudah disagrees regarding the Shok. He says: • It extends from the knee joint only until the next joint. Therefore it includes: • One main bone rather than two. The Lechayayim From the Jaw to the Adam’s Apple The Mishnah defines the Lechayayim: • From the joint of the jaw • Until the Pika shel Gageres – the area of the Adam’s apple. This is the section that must be given: • To the Kohen. “HaZero’a, HaLechayayim V’HaKeivah” Why Does the Torah Use “HaZero’a”? A Beraisa asks: Which foreleg is: • HaZero’a? The answer is: • The right foreleg. The Gemara derives this from the extra: • “Ha” – HaZero’a. This parallels the Torah's wording: • HaYarech regarding Gid HaNasheh. What Does “HaLechayayim” Include? The extra wording: • HaLechayayim includes: • The wool or hair attached to the cheeks. The Kohen receives: • The complete Matanah rather than a cleaned - down portion stripped of what naturally belongs to it. What Does “HaKeivah” Include? The extra: • HaKeivah includes what naturally accompanies: • The stomach. The transcript discusses: • The material/fat associated with the Keivah • And the milk found inside it. There was a Minhag among Kohanim: • To leave certain parts for the owner. But that was: • A Minhag of generosity rather than proof that those parts: • Did not belong to the Kohen. Why These Three Matanos? The Connection to Pinchas The Gemara gives a reason why Kohanim specifically receive: • Zero’a • Lechayayim • Keivah. They correspond to: • The actions of Pinchas. When Pinchas acted against Zimri: • Zero’a corresponds to the arm with which he acted. • Lechayayim corresponds to his Tefillah. • Keivah corresponds to where he struck. The Matanos therefore recall: • Pinchas's Kana’us for Hashem. Where Does the Lechi End? Beis HaShechitah The Gemara discusses whether: • The area of the Shechitah is included with: • The Lechayayim. This depends on exactly where: • Valid Shechitah may be performed. The discussion involves: • Mugremes – Shechitah performed outside the normal proper area. The Pika shel Gageres Everyone agrees that the Lechayayim extend until: • The Pika shel Gageres. The issue is how that area relates to: • The valid Beis HaShechitah. This determines which side receives: • The relevant section around the neck. New Mishnah – Reishis HaGez The First Shearing The Mishnah now begins: • Reishis HaGez. When a person shears his sheep: • A portion of the first wool must be given to a Kohen. This obligation applies: • Even outside Eretz Yisrael according to the Mishnah's presentation • And even when there is no Beis Hamikdash. It applies to: • Chullin but not ordinary: • Mukdashim. Matanos vs Reishis HaGez Matanos Are More Extensive Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah apply to: • Bakar – cattle • Tzon – sheep/goats • Even a single animal. Reishis HaGez is narrower. It applies specifically to: • Sheep whose wool qualifies and requires: • A minimum number of animals. How Many Sheep? Beis Shammai – Two Beis Shammai says: • Two sheep are enough. The source is the Pasuk referring to: • “Shtei Tzon” – two sheep. Therefore: • Two can create the obligation of Reishis HaGez. Beis Hillel – Five Beis Hillel says: • Five sheep are required. The source is: • “Chameish Tzon Asuyos.” Therefore the minimum is: • Five sheep. How Much Wool Is Needed? Rebbe Dosa ben Harkinas Rebbe Dosa ben Harkinas requires: • A significant amount of wool from each sheep. The transcript explains it as: • One and a half Maneh per sheep. With five sheep: • The total comes to a little over 3 kg of wool. Only with that substantial amount: • Reishis HaGez applies. The Chachamim Are More Lenient The Chachamim disagree. They do not require: • Such a large amount from each sheep. The main requirement is: • Five sheep producing a qualifying shearing. Therefore their threshold is: • Considerably lower. How Much Must Be Given to the Kohen? Enough for a Small Garment The owner must give the Kohen: • A meaningful Matanah. The Mishnah gives the minimum as: • Five Sela’im of wool. The transcript calculates this at roughly: • 85 grams. The purpose is that the Kohen receives enough: • For a small garment. The principle is: • Kedei Matanah – it must be a respectable gift. Clean Wool, Not Dirt When calculating the amount: • Dirt and other material stuck to the wool do not count. The owner does not necessarily have to: • Physically clean all the wool first. But he cannot say: • The dirty wool weighs enough when the actual wool itself: • Does not. The measurement is based on: • The usable wool. What If the Owner Changes the Wool? He Dyed It If the owner should have given Reishis HaGez but instead: • Dyed the wool the Mishnah says: • Patur. Why? Because dyeing creates: • A significant Shinui – change. The original wool: • No longer exists in its previous form. He Was Melaben It If he merely: • Cleaned or whitened the wool the Mishnah says: • Chayav. That is not necessarily considered: • The same significant Shinui as dyeing. Therefore: • The obligation remains. Buying Wool From a Non - Jew Wool Still Attached to the Sheep If a Yisrael buys: • The shearing of a non - Jew's sheep he is: • Patur from Reishis HaGez. The original ownership of: • The flock prevents the obligation from applying in the normal way. Buying Wool From a Yisrael Who Gives the Reishis HaGez? If a Yisrael purchases the shearing from: • Another Yisrael the question becomes: • Who is responsible for the Mitzvah? If the seller leaves himself: • Enough wool to remain obligated then: • The seller gives Reishis HaGez. If he sells: • All the wool the obligation can fall on: • The buyer. Different Types of Sheep The Mishnah discusses cases where the flock contains: • Different colours • Different breeds/types • Males and females. If only one category is sold: • Each group may have to be considered separately. This affects: • Who has the qualifying flock • And who must give Reishis HaGez. Why Are Mukdashim Exempt? “Tzonecha” The Torah says: • Reishis Gez Tzonecha. “Tzonecha” means: • Your flock. This excludes: • The flock of Hekdesh. Therefore: • Mukdashim are exempt from Reishis HaGez. Why Do We Need a Pasuk? The Gemara asks: Why is: • Tzonecha even necessary? After all: • Shearing an animal of Hekdesh is already prohibited! If you cannot shear it: • How could Reishis HaGez ever apply? Kedushas Bedek HaBayis A Lower Level of Kedushah The Gemara answers that the Pasuk is needed for: • Kedushas Bedek HaBayis. This is where the animal's value was donated: • For the upkeep of the Beis Hamikdash rather than being sanctified as: • A Korban for the Mizbeach. The prohibition against shearing such an animal: • Is less severe. The transcript explains that it is: • Rabbinically prohibited. Therefore we might have thought: • If it was sheared, Reishis HaGez should still be given. “Tzonecha” teaches: • No. Redeem It and Then Give the Wool? Why Not Perform Pidyon? The Gemara considers another possibility: Perhaps one could: • Redeem the Hekdesh • Shear it • And then give Reishis HaGez. This leads into the rule of: • Ha’amadah V’Ha’arachah. For certain Hekdesh animals to be redeemed: • They must be stood up alive for valuation. Wool by itself obviously: • Cannot stand for valuation. A Machlokes About Ha’amadah V’Ha’arachah The Gemara notes that there is: • A Machlokes whether Kedushei Bedek HaBayis require: • Ha’amadah V’Ha’arachah. According to the view that they do not: • Redemption is more possible. According to the view that they do: • The problem remains. So the Gemara searches for: • Another case requiring “Tzonecha.” He Excluded the Wool Hekdesh Except for the Shearing The Gemara establishes a case where someone says: • The animal is Hekdesh • Except for its wool. Therefore: • The body of the animal belongs to Hekdesh • But the wool remains Chullin. We might now think: • Since the wool is Chullin, Reishis HaGez should apply. The Pasuk teaches: • It does not. But Shearing Damages the Animal The Gemara asks: Even if the wool itself is Chullin: • Shearing reduces the value of the Hekdesh animal. How can he: • Damage Hekdesh property? The case is therefore refined further. He excluded not only: • The wool but also: • The value of the depreciation caused by shearing. Thus: • Hekdesh does not lose money through the shearing. Kedushas HaMizbeach Spreads Why Not Use the Same Case for a Korban? Why can't someone dedicate an animal as: • A Korban while excluding: • The wool and the depreciation? Because Kedushas HaMizbeach is stronger. The Gemara discusses the principle: • Kedushah can spread through the entire animal. “The Foot of This Animal Is an Olah” If a person says: • “The foot of this animal is an Olah” the Kedushah can spread: • To the entire animal. This is especially clear where: • The sanctified part is essential to the animal's life. The Gemara discusses different opinions regarding: • When partial Kedushah spreads to the whole animal. Therefore Kedushas HaMizbeach cannot necessarily be: • Limited in the same way as Bedek HaBayis. Only the Wool Was Donated Rava’s Explanation Rava gives another way to understand the case: The animal itself is: • Completely Chullin. The owner dedicated only: • The future wool/shearings to Hekdesh. Therefore: • There is no prohibition against shearing the animal itself. Still, the Torah exempts this wool from: • Reishis HaGez. “Gez Titen” Shear and Give The Torah says: • Gez Titen. The Gemara understands this as: • Shear it • And give it. The ordinary obligation involves only: 1. Gezizah – shearing 2. Nesinah – giving. Not Shear, Redeem and Give If the wool requires an additional stage of: • Pidyon before it can be given to the Kohen, it is excluded. The Torah requires wool: • Shechusar Gezizah U’Nesinah not wool requiring: • Gezizah, Pidyon and Nesinah. This gives another reason why: • Hekdesh wool is excluded. Partnership in Reishis HaGez Rebbe Ilai The Gemara now turns to: • A partnership in sheep. The Chachamim hold: • Jewish partners are obligated in Reishis HaGez. Rebbe Ilai disagrees. He learns from: • Tzonecha – “your flock” that Reishis HaGez applies only where: • The flock belongs to one owner. Therefore: • A partnership is exempt. Partnership With a Non - Jew According to the Chachamim: “Tzonecha” is needed to exclude: • A partnership with a non - Jew. Therefore: • Two Jewish partners remain Chayav. But if the animal is jointly owned by: • A Yisrael and non - Jew it is: • Patur. Why Does Rebbe Ilai Need Another Source? Rebbe Ilai already uses: • Tzonecha to exempt: • A Jewish partnership. So how does he know that: • Partnership with a non - Jew is also exempt? The Gemara looks to: • Terumah for the comparison. Reishis HaGez and Terumah “Reishis” Appears in Both The Pasuk discusses: • Reishis Degancha – Terumah • Reishis Gez Tzonecha – Reishis HaGez. Rebbe Ilai compares: • The two uses of “Reishis.” Just as the relevant non - Jewish ownership affects: • Terumah so too it affects: • Reishis HaGez. Why the Chachamim Don't Learn It This Way The Chachamim reject a complete comparison. The Torah repeats: • “Reishis” when introducing Reishis HaGez. This indicates: • A new Halachic category. Therefore we cannot automatically transfer: • Every rule of Terumah to: • Reishis HaGez. Kedushas HaGuf vs Kedushas Damim They Are Different Types of Mitzvah The Gemara further explains why the Torah must carefully connect the two. Terumah has: • Kedushas HaGuf. The produce itself becomes: • Kadosh. Reishis HaGez is primarily: • A monetary gift to the Kohen. Therefore: • They are fundamentally different categories. A comparison between them requires: • A clear Torah basis. A Field Owned by a Yisrael and Non - Jew Their Shares Are Different The Gemara discusses: • A field jointly owned by a Yisrael and a non - Jew. The Yisrael's share can be: • Obligated in Terumos and Maasros. The non - Jew's share: • Is treated differently. This raises the question of what happens: • When the produce is divided. Yesh Bereirah The discussion depends on: • Bereirah. If we say: • Yesh Bereirah then after the partners divide the produce, we can view it retrospectively as though: • The Yisrael always owned his portion • And the non - Jew always owned his portion. This avoids treating every kernel as: • A mixture of both ownerships. Rebbe Ilai and Other Partnerships Reishis HaGez Is Unusual Rava teaches that even Rebbe Ilai, who exempts: • A partnership from Reishis HaGez does not automatically exempt partnerships from: • Other Mitzvos. Reishis HaGez has: • Its own special derivation from “Tzonecha.” Partnership in Terumah Two Yisraelim Are Chayav Regarding Terumah: • A field owned by two Yisraelim is obligated. Even though the Torah says: • Degancha – your grain in the singular, another Pasuk includes: • Partnership. The singular wording is instead used to exclude: • The relevant partnership with a non - Jew. Partnership in Challah Challah Is Also Chayav The Gemara begins another example: • Challah. We might have thought that because of the Torah's wording and the connection to: • “Reishis” a partnership should be exempt according to Rebbe Ilai. But the Gemara derives that: • A Jewish partnership is obligated in Challah. This is the beginning of a broader list showing: • Rebbe Ilai's exemption is specific to Reishis HaGez • And does not automatically apply to other Mitzvos. Key Chazarah • The Zero’a extends from the lower knee joint to the shoulder. • The Lechayayim extend from the jaw joint to the Pika shel Gageres. • “HaZero’a” teaches the right foreleg. • The extra wording of HaLechayayim and HaKeivah includes parts naturally attached to those Matanos. • The three Matanos correspond to the actions of Pinchas. • Reishis HaGez is the obligation to give a Kohen part of the first shearing of one's sheep. • Matanos apply even to one eligible animal, whereas Reishis HaGez requires a minimum flock. • Beis Shammai requires two sheep; Beis Hillel requires five. • Rebbe Dosa ben Harkinas requires a substantial amount of wool from each sheep; the Chachamim disagree. • The Kohen must receive a meaningful amount of usable wool – Kedei Matanah. • Dirt attached to the wool is not counted toward the required amount. • Dyeing the wool creates a significant Shinui and can remove the obligation; merely cleaning it does not. • When wool is sold, whether the seller or buyer gives Reishis HaGez depends on how much wool each retains. • “Tzonecha” excludes Hekdesh from Reishis HaGez. • The Gemara explores why a Pasuk is needed when shearing Hekdesh is itself prohibited, leading to cases of Kedushas Bedek HaBayis and wool excluded from Hekdesh. • Kedushas HaMizbeach can spread through an entire animal, making it stronger than ordinary Kedushas Damim. • “Gez Titen” teaches an obligation involving shearing and giving, excluding a case requiring an additional Pidyon. • The Chachamim obligate Jewish partners in Reishis HaGez; Rebbe Ilai exempts them from “Tzonecha.” • Partnership with a non - Jew is exempt. • Rebbe Ilai compares Reishis HaGez to Terumah through the repeated word “Reishis.” • Terumah and Reishis HaGez nevertheless differ because Terumah has Kedushas HaGuf while Reishis HaGez is primarily a monetary gift. • Rebbe Ilai's partnership exemption is special to Reishis HaGez; partnerships remain obligated in other Mitzvos such as Terumah and Challah. 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