Daf 77 — Menachos 77 Summary

Menachos 77 – Good Morning Raboisai שינוי מידות – הוספת שישית (Milibar vs Miligav) The Mishnah discusses how measurements increased over time: • Originally: 6 Midbariyos • Later: reduced to 5 Yerushalmiyos → effectively adding a sixth Key concept: • Milibar (from the outside / final total) • Miligav (from the original amount) Example: • Start with 100 • Add 20 → total = 120 • That 20 is: o A fifth of 100 (Miligav) o A sixth of 120 (Milibar) Halacha uses Milibar (based on final amount) חישוב מנחת תודה – 40 לחמים Total flour: 20 Isaron Split: • 10 Isaron → Chametz (10 loaves) • 10 Isaron → Matzah (30 loaves) Chametz: • 10 loaves from 10 Isaron Each loaf = 1 Isaron Matzah (3 types): • Chalos • Rekikin • Revucha Split: • 10 Isaron ÷ 3 ≈ 3.3 Isaron each type Total: • 40 loaves o 10 Chametz o 30 Matzah (3×10) סוגי מצה – הבדלים • Chalos → oil mixed inside ( בלילה ) • Rekikin → oil smeared on top • Revucha → scalded (like dipped in boiling water) מידות – איפה, בת, סאה How do we know: • 1 Eifah = 3 Se’ah Proof chain: • A Kor = 30 Se’ah • A Bas = 1/10 of Kor = 3 Se’ah • Pasuk equates Eifah = Bas Therefore: Eifah = 3 Se’ah שמואל – רווח מקסימלי Shmuel says: • You may not increase prices more than 1/6 • Applies to essential goods (food, oil, wine) Reasons discussed: 1. Inflation concern rejected 2. Seller confusion rejected 3. Fair profit balance accepted A person should profit, but not excessively. מנא של בית המקדש Regular Maneh = 100 In Beis Hamikdash: • Doubled → 200 • Add 1/6 (Milibar) → 240 Derived from Pesukim: • 60 × 4 = 240 תרומת לחמי תודה Total loaves: 40 • Must give 4 loaves (10%) to Kohen • One from each type Rules: • Whole loaf only (not broken) • Must take from each category • Cannot substitute types Mimenu – חיבור הלחמים All loaves must be: • Connected / together • In one basket Derived from “ ממנו ” השוואה לתרומה ומעשר Comparison: Concept Percentage תרומה גדולה small amount מעשר 10% תרומת מעשר 10% of maaser Todah bread gift = like Terumas Maaser → 10% השוואה לביכורים Could compare to: • Bikurim → no fixed amount • Terumas Maaser → fixed 10% Conclusion: We learn from Terumas Maaser (10%) גודל כל חלה Each Chametz loaf: • 1 Isaron • ≈ 43.2 eggs worth of flour • Roughly ~5 pounds ספקות בסוגיא (Teiku) Unresolved questions: • Does Todah bread have: o דין מיתה בידי שמים like תרומה ? o חיוב חומש if eaten? o ביטול ברוב (1:100) like תרומה ? Teiku – unresolved Key Points • Total loaves: 40 • Split: 10 Chametz / 30 Matzah • Matzah types: 3 • Eifah = 3 Se’ah • Profit limit: 1/6 (Milibar) • Kohen gets: 4 loaves (10%) • Each Chametz loaf: 1 Isaron (~5 lbs flour) לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל