Daf 16 — Bechoros 16 Summary

Bechoros 16 – Good Morning Raboisai 1 ⃣ The Vlad of Pesulei HaMukdashim The Daf continues discussing an animal that: ● Became Hekdesh while it was fit for the Mizbeach. ● Afterwards developed a permanent Mum. ● Became pregnant. ● Was redeemed. ● Then gave birth. 16_transcript 👉 What happens to the offspring? If the Vlad was born before the mother’s Pidyon: ● It has Kedushah. The question is whether: ● It can itself be brought on the Mizbeach, ● Or must graze until it develops a Mum and can then be redeemed. 2 ⃣ Nir’eh V’Nidcheh The mother was originally: ● Nir’eh – fit to be brought on the Mizbeach. After developing a permanent Mum she became: ● Nidcheh – pushed away and no longer fit for the Mizbeach. 👉 The Vlad comes from a mother whose Korban was: ● Nir’eh V’Nidcheh. Therefore, the Vlad cannot simply be treated as a regular Korban fit for the Mizbeach. 3 ⃣ Rav Huna – Put the Vlad in a Kippah Rav Huna says there is no practical way to use this Vlad: ● It cannot be offered. ● It cannot simply be redeemed. Therefore: ● כונסין לכיפה והוא מת ● It is placed in a Kippah and allowed to die. 👉 Since it retains Kedushah, it cannot simply be treated as Chullin. 4 ⃣ The Approach of Rebbi Chanina In Eretz Yisrael they said in the name of Rebbi Chanina that there is another solution. Before redeeming the pregnant mother: ● The owner designates the fetus as the same type of Korban as its mother. For example: ● If the mother was a Shelamim, ● He designates the fetus as a Shelamim. 👉 This gives the fetus its own Kedushah and allows it to be dealt with separately rather than leaving it to die. 5 ⃣ Why Must It Be the Same Korban? Can the owner say: ● “The mother is a Shelamim, but I want the Vlad to be a Chatas”? No. The Vlad must be designated: ● For the same type of Korban as its mother. The Gemara learns this from: ● Bechor. A Bechor is locked into its own status: ● It cannot be changed into a different type of Korban. Similarly, the Vlad here: ● Cannot be changed from the mother’s Korban into something else. Reviewing the Two Types of Hekdesh 6 ⃣ Mum First, Hekdesh Afterwards The Gemara brings a Beraisa reviewing the distinction from the previous Daf. If: 1. The animal first developed a permanent Mum. 2. Afterwards it was made Hekdesh. 3. It was then redeemed. Its Kedushah was only: ● Kedushas Damim. Therefore, after Pidyon: ● It is treated like ordinary Chullin. 7 ⃣ Bechor and Matanos In this first case: ● Its offspring is subject to Bechor. ● When the animal is shechted, Matanos must be given to the Kohen. The Matanos are: ● Zero’a ● Lechayayim ● Keivah 👉 This demonstrates how close the animal is to regular Chullin when its Kedushah was only Kedushas Damim. 8 ⃣ Gizah, Avodah and Temurah For an animal that had a Mum before Hekdesh: ● The regular severe restrictions of Gizah and Avodah do not apply in the same way as Kedushas HaGuf. ● It cannot create Temurah. Why? Because Temurah requires an original animal with: ● Kedushas HaGuf. An animal whose status is only Kedushas Damim cannot create: ● A second Kadosh animal through Temurah. 9 ⃣ Me’ilah Before Pidyon: ● Me’ilah can apply to this Kedushas Damim. If someone improperly benefits from Hekdesh: ● He can be liable for the benefit, ● Add a fifth, ● And bring the required Korban. After Pidyon: ● The animal is Chullin, ● And there is no longer Me’ilah. 🔟 The Offspring Can Be Redeemed While Tam The offspring of this Kedushas Damim animal can be: ● Redeemed even while it has no Mum. 👉 It does not need to wait until it develops a blemish. This is because: ● The offspring cannot have stronger Kedushah than its source. 1 ⃣ 1 ⃣ The Money Can Be Earmarked for Another Korban In this first case, the money received through Pidyon of the offspring can be: ● Earmarked for whichever appropriate Korban the owner chooses. It is not locked into: ● The same Korban as the mother. The Beraisa summarizes: ● הרי הן כחולין לכל דבריהן ● They are like Chullin for their Halachos. Hekdesh First, Mum Afterwards 1 ⃣ 2 ⃣ The Second Case Now reverse the order: 1. The animal was healthy. 2. It became Hekdesh. 3. Afterwards it developed a permanent Mum. 4. It was redeemed. 👉 Since it originally became a genuine Korban: ● Kedushas HaGuf took effect. Even after Pidyon: ● Important restrictions remain. 1 ⃣ 3 ⃣ Exempt from Bechor and Matanos This animal is: ● Exempt from Bechor. ● Exempt from Matanos. Why? Because it is: ● Pesulei HaMukdashim. Although Pidyon allows it to be eaten: ● It never becomes completely ordinary Chullin. 1 ⃣ 4 ⃣ Gizah and Avodah Remain Forbidden Because this animal originally had: ● Kedushas HaGuf, the restrictions against: ● Shearing its wool ● And working with it remain even after Pidyon. 👉 This is one of the major differences between the two cases. 1 ⃣ 5 ⃣ It Can Create Temurah Since this animal originally possessed: ● Kedushas HaGuf, it can create: ● Temurah. If someone tries to transfer its Kedushah onto another animal: ● The attempted replacement itself receives Kedushah. 1 ⃣ 6 ⃣ Its Vlad Retains Kedushah If the mother became pregnant: ● Before Pidyon, and gave birth: ● After Pidyon, the Vlad retains Kedushah. It cannot simply be redeemed while completely Tam. Instead: ● It must wait until it develops a Mum. 👉 Again, this reflects the stronger Kedushas HaGuf of the mother. 1 ⃣ 7 ⃣ The Vlad Must Follow the Mother The Beraisa supports the earlier teaching: If the mother was: ● A Shelamim, the Vlad cannot simply be designated: ● A Chatas or another Korban. It must retain: ● The same Korban identity as its mother. This supports the approach that the Vlad may be designated separately: ● But only as the same type of Zevach. Two Important Klalim 1 ⃣ 8 ⃣ “Like Chullin in Every Respect” The Beraisa says that an animal which: ● Had a Mum first, ● And only afterwards became Hekdesh, is like Chullin after Pidyon. The Gemara asks: What does this broad statement add? 👉 One application is Shechutei Chutz. If the animal is shechted outside the Beis Hamikdash: ● There is no regular liability of Shechutei Chutz, because the animal was never fit to be offered on the Mizbeach. 1 ⃣ 9 ⃣ Pesulei HaMukdashim Remain Different In the second case, where: ● Hekdesh came before the Mum, the broad rule teaches that certain Kedushah restrictions remain. One example discussed is: ● Its milk remains forbidden. 👉 Pidyon permits its meat for eating, but it does not erase every consequence of: ● Its original Kedushas HaGuf. Shechutei Chutz 2 ⃣ 0 ⃣ Rav Huna – When Could He Be Chayav? Rav Huna discusses a case where someone shechts one of these animals: ● Outside the Beis Hamikdash. How could there be liability if the animal has a Mum and cannot normally be brought? 👉 The Gemara discusses a very minor Mum where: ● If the animal were placed on the Mizbeach, ● It would not be taken down. Therefore, it still has enough connection to: ● The Mizbeach for Shechutei Chutz to become relevant. Temurah of Pesulei HaMukdashim 2 ⃣ 1 ⃣ What Happens to the Temurah? Suppose an animal: ● Was originally a Korban, ● Developed a Mum, ● And someone then attempted Temurah. The Temurah becomes Kadosh. But there is a problem: ● It cannot be offered as the original Korban. ● It also cannot simply be redeemed. 👉 The Gemara therefore discusses why this Temurah must: ● Die. 2 ⃣ 2 ⃣ Why Not Wait for a Mum? Rav Amram asks: Why not allow the Temurah to: ● Graze until it develops a Mum, ● Then redeem it? After all, something similar happens with: ● Temuras Bechor ● And Temuras Maaser. The Gemara distinguishes them. 2 ⃣ 3 ⃣ Bechor and Maaser Are Different With Bechor or Maaser: ● Their original identity remains upon them. A Bechor remains: ● A Bechor. Therefore, once it develops a Mum: ● It can be eaten according to the laws of Bechor. But the Temurah of Pesulei HaMukdashim still carries: ● The identity of the original Korban. For example: ● A Shelamim remains associated with Shelamim. It cannot simply become permitted for ordinary eating merely by: ● Developing a Mum. Chamesh Chata’os 2 ⃣ 4 ⃣ The Five Chata’os That Die The Gemara connects this discussion to the famous rule of: ● Chamesh Chata’os Meisos. There are five situations involving a Chatas where: ● The animal must die. One example discussed is: ● Temuras Chatas. 👉 The basic rule is: ● כל שבחטאת מתה A corresponding situation involving an Asham generally: ● Grazes until it develops a Mum. 2 ⃣ 5 ⃣ Halachah L’Moshe MiSinai The Gemara points out that: ● Chamesh Chata’os Meisos is known through: ● Halachah L’Moshe MiSinai. The Pesukim are nevertheless used to teach additional aspects of: ● The prohibition ● And how these animals must be treated. New Mishnah – Tzon Barzel 2 ⃣ 6 ⃣ What Is Tzon Barzel? The Mishnah introduces: ● Tzon Barzel. An owner gives another person a flock at: ● A fixed guaranteed value. For example: ● The flock is worth 100,000 today. The recipient accepts responsibility to eventually return: ● That fixed value. Meanwhile: ● He cares for the flock, ● And the parties can share in the profits or offspring. 👉 The value is effectively locked in – “like iron.” 2 ⃣ 7 ⃣ Tzon Barzel from a Non-Jew If a Yisrael accepts: ● Tzon Barzel from a non-Jew, the non-Jew retains a financial claim against: ● The animals and their offspring. If the Yisrael fails to pay: ● The non-Jew may have the right to collect from them. Therefore: ● The non-Jew retains an ownership interest. 2 ⃣ 8 ⃣ The Effect on Bechor Since the non-Jew has a financial interest: ● The relevant offspring can be exempt from Bechor. The Mishnah discusses how far this continues through: ● The offspring, ● Their offspring, ● And later generations. 👉 As long as the non-Jew retains a genuine claim in the animals: ● His partnership can prevent Kedushas Bechor. Once a later generation is no longer subject to his claim: ● The regular obligation of Bechor can return. 📌 Key Chazarah ● A Vlad conceived before Pidyon of Pesulei HaMukdashim can retain Kedushah. ● Rav Huna says a problematic Vlad may have to be placed in a Kippah and allowed to die. ● Rebbi Chanina gives another approach: before Pidyon of the mother, designate the fetus as the same Korban as its mother. ● A Vlad cannot be designated as a different Korban from its mother. ● If the Mum came before Hekdesh, the animal only has Kedushas Damim. ● After Pidyon, such an animal is essentially Chullin and is subject to Bechor and Matanos. ● If Hekdesh came before the Mum, it has Kedushas HaGuf and remains Pesulei HaMukdashim after Pidyon. ● Pesulei HaMukdashim are exempt from Bechor and Matanos, and restrictions such as Gizah and Avodah remain. ● A Kedushas HaGuf animal can create Temurah. ● The offspring of Pesulei HaMukdashim may have to wait for a Mum before Pidyon. ● The Daf discusses Shechutei Chutz where the animal retains some connection to the Mizbeach. ● Temurah of Pesulei HaMukdashim cannot necessarily simply graze until it develops a Mum. ● The Gemara connects this to Chamesh Chata’os Meisos and Halachah L’Moshe MiSinai. ● The new Mishnah introduces Tzon Barzel. ● A non-Jew’s continuing financial interest in Tzon Barzel can exempt the relevant animals from Bechor. 📘 Catch up, review, download previous Dafim & more: https://www.dafchazarah.co.uk 📲 Now available as an app (Apple, Google & Amazon): https://dafchazarah.co.uk/download 🤝 Sponsor a day: https://dafchazarah.co.uk/sponsor לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל