Daf 126 — Chullin 126 Summary

Chullin 126 – Good Morning Raboisai Maga and Ohel – Are They the Same Tumah? Continuing the Two Half - Kezaysim The Gemara continues the case of: • Two separate half - kezaysim of a meis. • A person physically touches one half. • He is also directly above or below the other half through Ohel. The question is: • Can Maga and Ohel combine to make the required full kezayis? Yesterday we saw the possibility that certain forms of Ohel are considered: • Ohel Negiah – Ohel that is effectively like touching. Rav – Even Higher Than a Tefach Rav says: Even if the person is: • More than a tefach directly above the Tumah It can still be considered: • Ohel Negiah – a form of Maga. The Tumah rises directly upward from the meis. Being directly in that path is treated as: • Contact with the Tumah. So What Is Regular Ohel? According to Rav, ordinary Ohel is: • B'hamshachah – when the Tumah spreads sideways through an enclosed area. For example: • The Tumah rises • Hits the ceiling • And then spreads throughout the room. Someone standing elsewhere in that room: • Has Ohel Tumah • But is not considered to have directly “touched” the column of Tumah. The Difference Directly above the Tumah: • Ohel Negiah. Tumah spreading sideways through the room: • Regular Ohel. The Roped Bed Tumah Under a Lattice The Gemara brings a case involving: • A bed or frame • With ropes stretched across it • With gaps between the ropes smaller than a tefach. If Tumah is underneath: • The ropes themselves can block the Tumah. • The Tumah can rise through the open spaces. If someone puts his hand: • Directly above one of the openings – tamei. • Directly above one of the ropes – tahor. The Beraisa calls the first case: • Hanoge'a – one who “touches.” This seems to support Rav: • Even though the person is not physically touching the meis • Contact with the Tumah rising through the opening is called Negiah. Was It More Than a Tefach Away? The Gemara rejects the proof. Perhaps the lattice was: • Within a tefach of the meis. If so: • We still have no proof that being more than a tefach directly above Tumah is called Maga. But this raises another question: If it is within a tefach: • Why doesn't the compressed Tumah burst through everything? Tumah Retzutzah Tumah With No Space Normally, when Tumah is trapped without sufficient space: • Tumah Retzutzah applies. The Tumah: • Boka'as v'olah – breaks through and rises upward. So if the lattice is less than a tefach above the meis: • Why should the ropes protect anything above them? This leads into: • Rebbe Yosi's view concerning trapped Tumah. Tumah Inside a Drawer A Chest With a Drawer The Gemara discusses: • A chest or cabinet • Containing a drawer • With Tumah inside the drawer. The drawer itself has: • A tefach of internal space. But its opening is: • Smaller than a tefach. Min haTorah: • The Tumah should remain contained inside. Nevertheless, the Tanna Kamma says: • The house becomes tamei. Why? Because eventually: • The person will open the drawer to remove the Tumah • And the Tumah will then enter the house. Chazal therefore: • Treat the house as tamei already. Tumah in the House If the situation is reversed: • The Tumah is in the house • And clean items are inside the closed drawer Those items remain: • Tahor. Why? Because: • Derech Tumah latzeis – Tumah is expected to leave its enclosure. • Ein derech Tumah likaneis – we do not assume Tumah will enter the enclosure. Rebbe Yosi Disagrees It May Never Be Removed Whole Rebbe Yosi says: Why assume the person will: • Open the drawer • And remove the full kezayis of Tumah? He could: • Cut it into pieces smaller than a kezayis • Or burn it where it is. Therefore: • The house does not necessarily become tamei. The Drawer Faces Outside If the cabinet is positioned at the doorway with: • The drawer opening facing outside Then even according to the Tanna Kamma: • The house is tahor. Why? Because when the Tumah is eventually removed: • It will be taken directly outside • Rather than through the house. What Else Does Rebbe Yosi Disagree With? The Gemara carefully examines Rebbe Yosi's statement. If everyone already agrees that: • A drawer facing outside does not make the house tamei What is Rebbe Yosi adding when he says: • Tahor? The Gemara suggests that Rebbe Yosi may also be disagreeing about: • Tumah Temunah – trapped Tumah. Perhaps Rebbe Yosi holds: • Tumah Temunah does not necessarily burst through its enclosure. A Dog That Swallowed Human Flesh The Dog Dies The Gemara brings a fascinating case: • A dog swallowed human flesh. • The dog then died. Now there is: • Human Tumah enclosed inside the dog's body. The question is: • Can that Tumah affect a nearby house? Where Is the Dog Lying? The halachah depends partly on: • The dog's position near the doorway • And where the relevant opening faces. If there is: • A proper tefach opening The Tumah can: • Exit through that opening • And affect the house. The Gemara initially thinks this may prove: • Rebbe Yosi agrees that trapped Tumah bursts out. Rebbe Eliezer – Which Way Will the Tumah Leave? Rebbe Eliezer focuses on: • The direction in which the swallowed Tumah will eventually leave the animal. It is not necessarily going to: • Come back through the dog's mouth. Rather: • It will naturally pass through the digestive system. Therefore: • The direction the dog is facing becomes relevant to whether the Tumah is ultimately expected to enter the house. No Proof About Tumah Retzutzah A Full Tefach Opening The Gemara rejects the proof regarding Rebbe Yosi. The case can be where: • There is already a full tefach opening. The Tumah therefore does not need to: • Burst through the dog's body. Instead: • It has an actual halachic opening through which it can travel. Therefore: • This case tells us nothing definite about Tumah Retzutzah. Rebbe Yosi Requires an Actual Opening Rebbe Yosi's dispute can instead concern: • The size and nature of the opening. He requires: • An actual cavity/opening of a tefach Rather than relying on: • A theoretical opening that could be carved out. Rav Acha brei d'Rava explains the Beraisa: • Specifically in terms of an actual opening through which the Tumah can pass. Rebbe Shimon – Maga, Masa and Ohel Three Forms of Tumah The Gemara returns to the relationship between: • Maga – touching • Masa – carrying • Ohel – being under the same covering. Rebbe Shimon distinguishes: • Maga and Ohel are not automatically the same category. This explains why: • Physically touching half a kezayis • And sharing an ordinary Ohel with another half Do not necessarily combine. Three Tumos from a Meis Each Case Has Two Out of Three The Gemara gives three fascinating examples where: • Two methods of Tumah apply • But the third does not. The three methods are: • Maga • Masa • Ohel. The three examples are: • Melo tarvad rekav – a ladleful of decomposed remains • Etzem k'se'orah – a bone the size of a barley grain • Golel v'dofek – parts associated with the grave/coffin. Melo Tarvad Rekav A full measure of decomposed human remains gives Tumah through: • Masa • Ohel. But not: • Maga. Why Not Maga? The remains consist of: • Many tiny separate particles. When a person touches them: • He is not necessarily touching the entire required shiur. Therefore: • There is no Tumah through ordinary Maga. This demonstrates: • Maga and Ohel are not always identical. Etzem K'se'orah A bone the size of a barley grain gives Tumah through: • Maga • Masa. But not: • Ohel. It is significant enough: • To transmit Tumah when touched or carried But not enough: • To create Ohel Tumah. Golel V'Dofek Golel v'dofek transmit Tumah through: • Maga • Ohel. But not: • Masa. The Pattern Each example has: • Two of the three forms of Tumah • But lacks the third. This clearly demonstrates: • Maga, Masa and Ohel each have their own halachic rules. Back to the Femur A Sealed Kulis of Neveilah The Gemara returns to: • A femur containing marrow. The Torah's wording indicates: • A completely enclosed femur of neveilah does not transmit Tumah through Maga. But if there is: • Even a small opening Then: • The marrow becomes accessible • And Tumah through Maga can apply. How Can an Ordinary Neveilah Ever Give Maga? The Gemara asks: An ordinary dead animal is also: • Covered by skin. If covering blocks contact: • How can anyone ever become tamei through touching a neveilah? Answer The body naturally has: • Openings • Blood vessels • Other points of access. Therefore: • The flesh is considered accessible. A completely sealed femur is different. Intending to Make a Hole Rav Oshaya's Question Rav Oshaya asks: Suppose someone has: • A sealed bone containing Tumah. He decides: • That he intends to drill a hole in it. But he has not yet: • Actually made the opening. Does his machshavah alone make it as though: • The bone has already been punctured? The Gemara considers whether: • Machshavah can give the sealed bone the status of one that is already open. The transcript presents the conclusion here as: • Not fully clear due to the girsa. Eggs of Sheratzim A Sealed Egg The Mishnah discusses: • An egg of a sheretz. If the shell is: • Completely sealed The shell protects against: • Direct Maga with the Tumah inside. But if the egg has: • Even a small hole The Tumah inside becomes: • Accessible • And can transmit Tumah. This parallels: • The punctured femur. The Half - Flesh, Half - Earth Mouse A Unique Mishnah The Mishnah describes: • A mouse which is partly flesh • And partly earth. If someone touches: • The flesh side – tamei. • The earth side – tahor. Rebbe Yehudah Rebbe Yehudah adds: Even if someone touches: • The earth portion directly opposite the flesh He becomes: • Tamei. The Tumah of the flesh can therefore: • Affect the corresponding part of the creature. This unusual case: • Continues the Gemara's discussion of how coverings, connections and access affect Tumah. Key Chazarah • Rav holds that being directly above Tumah can be considered Ohel Negiah even when more than a tefach away; ordinary Ohel is where the Tumah spreads sideways through an enclosure. • The lattice case shows how Tumah can rise through gaps while the solid sections block it. • Tumah Retzutzah is Tumah trapped without sufficient space, which can break through its enclosure. • A closed drawer containing Tumah may make the house tamei mid'Rabbanan because it will eventually be opened and the Tumah removed. • Rebbe Yosi argues that the Tumah could instead be cut up or burned without ever entering the house. • A dog that swallowed human flesh raises the question of whether the enclosed Tumah can escape into a nearby house. • The Gemara ultimately explains the dog case using an actual tefach opening, so it does not prove that Rebbe Yosi accepts Tumah Retzutzah. • Rebbe Shimon distinguishes between Maga, Masa and Ohel rather than treating them as one type of Tumah. • Melo tarvad rekav has Masa and Ohel but not Maga. • Etzem k'se'orah has Maga and Masa but not Ohel. • Golel v'dofek have Maga and Ohel but not Masa. • A sealed femur of neveilah does not give Tumah through Maga, while a puncture can make the marrow accessible. • Rav Oshaya asks whether merely intending to make a hole can give a sealed bone the status of a punctured one. • A sheretz egg similarly depends on whether its shell is sealed or punctured. • The Mishnah ends with the unusual case of a mouse that is partly flesh and partly earth; Rebbe Yehudah extends Tumah even to the earth directly opposite the flesh. 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