Daf 48 — Menachos 48 Summary

Menachos 48 – Good Morning Raboisai The Lost Bread – Can We Save the Sheep? We return to the case of Shtei HaLechem and the כבשי עצרת . The sheep were properly shechted for Shavuos. At that moment, a זיקה (bond) forms between the sheep and the bread. Then the bread becomes lost. If we now perform regular זריקה for Shavuos, the sheep cannot be eaten — because the bread is missing and the zikah cannot be fulfilled. Is there a way to “save” the sheep? Suggestion: Perform זריקה שלא לשמה — think that the sheep are regular שלמים , not Shavuos sheep. That would transform them into voluntary שלמים , which may be eaten without bread. The Gemara challenges: How can it be that: • If you do the avodah correctly ( לשמה ) → it is invalid, • But if you do it incorrectly ( שלא לשמה ) → it becomes valid? Where do we find such a phenomenon? Proof from Korban Pesach We find a similar case by קרבן פסח : If you shecht it before the proper time: • If done לשם פסח → invalid. • If done לשם שלמים → valid as a שלמים . So too here: The sheep of Shavuos may be redirected to שלמים through שלא לשמה . The Gemara pushes back: Pesach before its time was never fully “activated” as Pesach. But here: The sheep were valid Shavuos sheep, Shechitah was performed properly, Only afterward did the bread become lost. That is a case of דחוי — it was once valid and then rejected. Do we allow salvaging a korban that became דחוי by switching its intent? Comparison to Korban Todah We had a similar sugya: If after shechitah of a תודה one of the loaves broke, we instruct him to treat the korban as a regular שלמים . The Gemara answers: Todah is explicitly called שלמים in the pasuk: על זבח תודה שלמים Therefore, its identity already contains שלמים . That proof cannot necessarily be extended to Shavuos sheep. Extra Loaves – What If He Brought Four? Case: Instead of two loaves, he brought four. Now: • Two will receive קדושת הגוף . • Two remain only קדושת דמים . What should he do? Answer: • Perform תנופה on two. • Redeem the remaining two ( פדיון ). • The redeemed ones lose sanctity and become חולין . Problem: If קדושת הגוף already took effect at shechitah (like רבי holds), how can you redeem them? If you redeem inside the Azarah, you create חולין בעזרה . If outside, they may have already become invalid upon exiting. Therefore, this sugya fits better with the view that קדושת הגוף only fully takes effect after all ארבע עבודות . Four Sheep Instead of Two Opposite case: He brought the correct two loaves, but instead of two sheep, he brought four. Solution: • Separate two sheep. • Perform זריקה שלא לשמה on them (redirect to שלמים ). • Perform זריקה לשמה on the remaining two. If not done this way, all four would become invalid. This introduces the principle: Do we allow performing an intentional deviation ( שלא לשמה ) in order to salvage korbanos? “Chotei Kedei Sheyizkeh Chaveiro?” Do we ever say: Commit a minor deviation to prevent a larger loss? Example raised: If limbs of a חטאת and עולה became mixed, do we permit unusual handling to preserve validity? The rule emerges: We do not instruct one to sin in one area to benefit a completely separate entity. But when dealing with the same korban unit, there is more room to consider redirection. The Wine and Terumah Analogy Classic case: A barrel of טהור תרומה sits above a vat of טמא חולין . If the תרומה leaks into the vat, the entire vat becomes forbidden. May one deliberately catch the תרומה in a טמא vessel to prevent massive financial loss? Ruling: No. We do not intentionally render תרומה טמא to save other property. Even if the loss is great. This supports the principle: We do not create new invalidity to solve a different problem. Is Shavuos Like Chatas or Like Shelamim? The Torah juxtaposes: חטאת וכבשי עצרת If learned like חטאת : שלא לשמה would invalidate. If learned like שלמים : שלא לשמה remains valid. Conclusion: We compare Shavuos sheep to voluntary שלמים . שלא לשמה remains valid (though not עולה לבעלים ). Nazir’s Asham – Year Mismatch If a Nazir brings an Asham of the wrong age: • One - year instead of two, • Or two instead of one, We analyze whether such mismatches invalidate. Principle: We may compare one שלמים to another שלמים , but we do not automatically compare אשם to שלמים . Categories matter. Yesodos of the Daf • Zikah between sheep and bread creates dependency. • דחוי status complicates redirection. • שלא לשמה may salvage in some korban categories. • We do not create tumah to save property. • Shavuos sheep follow שלמים rules, not חטאת rules. • קדושת הגוף vs קדושת דמים affects redemption ability. • Category comparisons ( שלמים ↔ שלמים ) are valid; cross - category not always. Ilui Nishmas Imi Morosi Ruth Bas Harav Menachem Mendel