Daf 138 — Chullin 138 Summary

Chullin 138 – Good Morning Raboisai Peah – One - Sixtieth Peah Has No Shiur – So Why 1/60? We continue from yesterday's Gemara. We learned: • Peah B’Shishim – Peah should be one - sixtieth. But we say every day: • Eilu Devarim She’ein Lahem Shiur and Peah is one of them! The answer: • Min HaTorah, Peah has no fixed Shiur. • The Rabbanan established a minimum of one - sixtieth. Even in Chutz La’Aretz The Gemara asks: What is the Chiddush? We already have a Beraisa saying: • Ein Pochasin L’Peah MiShishim – one should not give less than one - sixtieth. The answer: The Beraisa discusses: • The Torah - level obligation in Eretz Yisrael. The new Chiddush is: • Even where Peah applies only MiDeRabbanan in Chutz La’Aretz, the Shiur is still one - sixtieth. Rebbe Yochanan and Isi bar Hini “Recheilos,” Not “Recheilim” Isi bar Hini came to Eretz Yisrael and Rebbe Yochanan heard him teaching his son the Mishnah. Isi pronounced the word for sheep as: • Recheilim. Rebbe Yochanan corrected him: • The Mishnah says Recheilos. Isi replied that he was using: • A Lashon found in the Torah. But Rebbe Yochanan insisted: • When teaching the Mishnah, preserve the Mishnah's exact wording. The concern is that changing the wording: • Can cause mistakes to be passed on. “Who Is Your Rebbe in Bavel?” Rebbe Yochanan asked Isi: • Who is the great Rebbe in Bavel? Isi answered: • Aba Aricha – “the tall Aba,” referring to Rav. Rebbe Yochanan objected: • How can you refer to Rav that way? Rav deserved: • A title of tremendous Kavod. Seventeen Rows Behind Rav Rebbe Yochanan explained how great Rav was. He recalled sitting: • Seventeen rows behind Rav while Rav and Rebbe were learning together. Their Torah discussion was so deep that it was described as: • Sparks of fire passing from one mouth to the other. Rebbe Yochanan said: • He could not even understand what they were discussing. So to casually call Rav: • “Aba Aricha” was inappropriate. How Much Wool Creates Reishis HaGez? Rebbe Yochanan – B’Shishim Isi bar Hini asked Rebbe Yochanan: • What is the Shiur of Reishis HaGez? Rebbe Yochanan answered: • B’Shishim. When Isi challenged this from the Mishnah's different Shiur, Rebbe Yochanan replied: • Im kein, mah bein li velach? The difference between us is: • I have a Mesorah from my Rabbeim. Rav, Rav Yannai and Rebbe Yochanan Rav Dimi brings different Shiurim: • Rav – sixty Sela. • Rav Yannai – sixty. • Rebbe Yochanan – six Sela. This creates an obvious difficulty: Rebbe Yochanan himself had just said: • Sixty. The Gemara's discussion shows that: • Different traditions and measurements are being reported. Rav – Maneh U’Pras How Can Rav Say Sixty? We also learned that Rav's Shiur is: • Maneh U’Pras – one and a half Maneh. If a Maneh is: • 25 Sela then one and a half Maneh is: • 37½ Sela. How can Rav also say: • 60 Sela? A Maneh of Forty Sela The answer: Here Rav is using a Maneh consisting of: • 40 Sela. Therefore: • One Maneh = 40 • Half a Maneh = 20 • Total = 60 Sela. So: • Maneh U’Pras and: • Sixty Sela are actually the same Shiur according to this measurement. Proof That a Maneh Can Mean Forty The Gemara brings a Beraisa involving: • A leather container • Its completion as a Kli • And the Shiur at which it loses its status after tearing. Within that Beraisa we find: • A Maneh of forty Sela. Therefore: • Rav's measurement is fully supported. How Much Does the Kohen Receive? Five Sela of Usable Wool The Mishnah said: • The Kohen receives five Sela. But the wool may contain: • Dirt and other material. The owner does not necessarily have to: • Clean the wool first. Rather, he must give enough dirty wool so that after allowing for the dirt: • There are five Sela of actual wool. Enough for a Small Garment Why specifically this amount? Because the Torah places Reishis HaGez near: • The clothing used for the Avodah. The Kohen should receive: • Enough wool for a small garment used in the Beis Hamikdash. The Gemara asks: Which garment? The Avnet Enough to Make an Avnet Rebbe Yehoshua ben Levi explains: The amount must be sufficient for: • An Avnet – the Kohen's belt. The Avnet was: • Long but relatively narrow. Therefore it represents: • A relatively small priestly garment. Why Not Enough for the Me’il? The Gemara asks: Why not require enough wool to make: • The Me’il which is much larger? The answer follows the principle: • Tafasta Merubah Lo Tafasta. When choosing between: • A larger Shiur • And a smaller Shiur without proof to require the larger amount: • We take the smaller amount. Therefore: • The Avnet is sufficient. Why Not an Even Smaller Garment? The “Kippah” The Gemara asks: If we are looking for the smallest possible amount, perhaps enough for: • A small woollen piece associated with the Tzitz should suffice. The transcript gives two possibilities for this “Kippah”: • Straps associated with holding the Tzitz • Or soft padding beneath the Tzitz on the Kohen Gadol's forehead. That would require: • Far less wool than an Avnet. “Hu U’Vanav” The answer comes from: • Hu U’Vanav. The garment must be something associated with: • Aharon • And his sons. The Tzitz was worn only by: • The Kohen Gadol. Therefore it cannot determine: • The Shiur of Reishis HaGez. The Avnet is the relevant garment because: • Both the Kohen Gadol and ordinary Kohanim have an Avnet. Were Their Avnetim the Same? A Machlokes About the Avnet The Gemara points out that there is a Machlokes regarding: • The Avnet of an ordinary Kohen. According to one opinion: • It contained wool, like the Kohen Gadol's weekday Avnet. According to another: • Their Avnetim were not made identically. So how can we say: • Hu U’Vanav? They Share the Name “Avnet” The Gemara answers that they do not necessarily have to wear: • An identical garment. It is sufficient that both garments are: • Called Avnet. Therefore the Avnet can still provide: • The Shiur for the Kohen's Reishis HaGez. Shearing and Selling as You Go Five Sheep – But the Wool Is Sold Immediately A new Machlokes: A person owns five sheep, but as he shears each one: • He immediately sells the wool. By the time he shears the fifth sheep: • He no longer possesses all the earlier wool together. Rav Chisda says: • Chayav. Rav Nosson bar Oshaya says: • Patur. Rav Chisda – He Sheared Five Rav Chisda says: • Chayav because ultimately: • He performed the shearing of five sheep. The fact that he sold the wool: • As he went along does not remove: • The obligation. Rav Nosson bar Oshaya – “Tzonecha” Rav Nosson bar Oshaya says: • Patur. The Torah says: • Tzonecha – your sheep. He understands that the owner needs: • The qualifying flock together in his possession. Here: • Each portion leaves his possession as he proceeds. Therefore: • The required situation never exists at one time. Buying a Non - Jew’s Sheep for Its Wool Buying Only the Wool Our Mishnah taught: If a Yisrael purchases from a non - Jew: • Only the wool/shearings he is: • Patur from Reishis HaGez. Why? Because: • The non - Jew still owns the sheep. The Yisrael merely owns: • The wool. Buying the Sheep Until It Is Sheared But suppose the Yisrael purchases: • The actual sheep for the period required to shear them. During that period: • The sheep belong to him. He is therefore: • Chayav in Reishis HaGez. Why Isn't This a Problem for Rav Nosson? The Gemara asks: According to Rav Nosson bar Oshaya, perhaps as each sheep is sheared: • It immediately returns to the non - Jew. Then the Yisrael would never possess: • Five sheep together. The answer: The case is where he purchases them for: • A fixed period. During that entire period: • All five remain his. Therefore: • He does possess the necessary five sheep together. Selling the Shearings and Keeping Some Who Is Responsible? The Mishnah discusses a Yisrael who sells: • The shearings of his sheep. If the seller leaves: • Some wool for himself the seller is responsible for: • Reishis HaGez. If he leaves: • Nothing the buyer becomes responsible. The Gemara now explains: • Why. Comparison to Peah Selling Trees in a Field The Gemara compares this to: • A field containing trees. If a person sells: • All the trees the obligations can fall differently than where: • The seller keeps one tree for himself. Rebbe Yehudah says that when the seller retains: • Part of the field's produce he can remain responsible for: • Peah for the whole. But Peah Is Different The Gemara rejects a direct comparison. By Peah there is a special Pasuk connected to: • Beginning the harvest. The obligation can become fixed through: • The act of harvesting. There is no identical Pasuk by: • Reishis HaGez. Therefore: • We need another explanation. The Matanos Model The Gifts Were Never Really Sold Rava compares Reishis HaGez to the earlier Mishnah about: • Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah. If someone buys meat or innards containing: • A Matanah belonging to a Kohen he still has to: • Give the Matanah to the Kohen. The seller's sale does not simply erase: • The Kohen's entitlement. The Seller Retained Some Wool Therefore, if the seller leaves: • Some of the wool on the sheep the buyer can tell him: • You retained the part from which the Kohen's gift should be given. The seller therefore remains responsible for: • Reishis HaGez. If the Seller Left Nothing If the seller sold: • All the wool and retained nothing, then: • The buyer must give Reishis HaGez. The seller can say: • I sold you the wool, but I did not sell you the Kohen's gift as yours to keep. The required portion remains: • Due to the Kohen. Key Chazarah • Peah has no fixed Shiur Min HaTorah; the Rabbanan established one - sixtieth. • Rebbe Yochanan corrected Isi bar Hini for changing the Mishnah's wording from Recheilos. • Rebbe Yochanan strongly objected when Isi casually called Rav “Aba Aricha,” describing Rav's tremendous greatness in Torah. • Different Amoraim give different Shiurim for the amount of wool required for Reishis HaGez. • Rav's Maneh U’Pras can equal sixty Sela because the Maneh used here contains forty Sela. • The Kohen must receive five Sela of actual usable wool, excluding the weight of dirt. • This is enough to make an Avnet, a small garment used by Kohanim. • The Me’il is not used for the Shiur because Tafasta Merubah Lo Tafasta. • A tiny garment associated only with the Kohen Gadol is insufficient because the Pasuk indicates something relevant to Aharon and his sons. • Rav Chisda and Rav Nosson bar Oshaya disagree where five sheep are sheared but the wool is sold as each sheep is sheared. • Rav Chisda says Chayav because five sheep were sheared; Rav Nosson says Patur because the qualifying ownership must exist together. • Buying only the wool of a non - Jew's sheep is Patur; buying the actual sheep for the shearing period can be Chayav. • If a seller retains some wool, he remains responsible for Reishis HaGez. • If he sells all the wool, the buyer must give the Kohen's portion. • The Gemara compares this to Zero’a, Lechayayim and Keivah: selling the produce does not turn the Kohen's Matanah into ordinary property of the buyer. 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