Daf 12 — Bechoros 12 Summary

Bechoros 12 – Good Morning Raboisai 1 ⃣ What Can Be Used for Pidyon Petor Chamor? The new Mishnah teaches: ● Ein Podin Lo B’Egel – a calf cannot be used. ● V’Lo B’Chayah – nor a chayah, such as a deer. ● V’Lo B’Shechutah – nor an animal that has already been shechted. ● V’Lo B’Tereifah – nor a tereifah. ● V’Lo B’Kilayim – nor an animal produced from mixed species. ● V’Lo B’Koy – nor a koy. 👉 This is when these animals are being used as the special “Seh” of Pidyon. If one gives the donkey’s full monetary value, another valuable animal could certainly be used. The special advantage of a Seh is: ● It can redeem an expensive donkey even when the Seh itself is worth much less. 12_transcript 2 ⃣ Kilayim and Koy 👉 Rebbe Eliezer disagrees regarding Kilayim. If the parents are: ● A sheep ● And a goat, both are included in the Torah’s category of: ● Seh. Therefore, Rebbe Eliezer holds: ● Their offspring can be used for Pidyon. A Koy is different because: ● Its status is uncertain, and therefore it cannot simply be treated as a definite Seh. 3 ⃣ Learning “Seh” from Korban Pesach 👉 Ben Bag Bag learns a Gezeirah Shavah: ● “Seh” is written regarding Petor Chamor. ● “Seh” is also written regarding Korban Pesach. Just as certain animals are excluded from Korban Pesach: ● A calf ● Chayah ● Shechutah ● Tereifah ● Kilayim so too they are excluded from being used as the Seh for: ● Pidyon Petor Chamor. 4 ⃣ But Petor Chamor Is Not Exactly Like Korban Pesach 👉 If we learned everything from Korban Pesach, we might require the Seh for Petor Chamor to also be: ● Male ● Tamim – without a Mum ● Within its first year. But we already learned that Pidyon Petor Chamor may use: ● Male or female ● Tamim or Baal Mum ● Young or old. The repeated word: ● Tifdeh comes to include these additional possibilities. 👉 We therefore include what makes sense to include while still preserving the exclusions learned from “Seh.” Ben Pekuah 5 ⃣ Can a Ben Pekuah Be Used? 👉 The Gemara asks whether a: ● Ben Pekuah can be used for Pidyon Petor Chamor. A Ben Pekuah is: ● A live fetus found inside its mother after the mother was properly shechted. According to the Chachamim: ● It does not require its own Shechitah. So what is its status here? On the one hand: ● It is walking around alive and looks like a normal Seh. On the other hand: ● Its mother’s Shechitah has already permitted it. Perhaps it is therefore comparable to: ● Shechted meat, which cannot be used for the Pidyon. 6 ⃣ Is It Still Called a Seh? 👉 This is the heart of the question: Do we say: ● It is alive and walking, so it is a Seh? Or: ● Halachically it is already permitted through its mother’s Shechitah, making it similar to a Shechutah? The Gemara analyzes this through: ● The Gezeirah Shavah from Korban Pesach ● And the Ribuy of Tifdeh. Nidmeh 7 ⃣ What Is a Nidmeh? 👉 The next question is whether one may use: ● A Nidmeh. A Nidmeh is an animal whose: ● Parents are of one species, but the offspring physically resembles: ● Another species. For example: ● Two sheep produce an offspring that looks like a goat. Genetically it comes from sheep: ● But physically it appears different. 8 ⃣ Nidmeh vs Kilayim 👉 The Chachamim disqualify: ● Kilayim. But perhaps Nidmeh is different. With Kilayim: ● The parents themselves are two different species. With Nidmeh: ● Both parents are the same species. ● Only the appearance of the offspring is unusual. Perhaps that should still qualify as: ● A Seh. 9 ⃣ Do We Follow the Mother or the Appearance? 👉 The Gemara discusses a cow that gives birth to an animal resembling: ● A sheep or goat. Even though the offspring looks like something that could qualify as a Seh: ● We follow its mother. Since its mother is a cow: ● Halachically it remains a calf for this purpose. 👉 The physical appearance alone does not turn it into: ● A Seh. 🔟 Nidmeh Is Compared to Kilayim 👉 Rebbe Yishmael teaches that a Nidmeh can be treated like: ● Kilayim for certain Halachos. The Gemara searches for which Halachah this teaching refers to. Possibilities involving: ● Korbanos ● Bechor ● And Maaser Behemah are considered. The discussion shows that Nidmeh has its own significant status even though: ● Its parents are the same species. Pesulei HaMukdashim 1 ⃣ 1 ⃣ Can Pesulei HaMukdashim Be Used? 👉 The Gemara next asks: Can an animal that was originally: ● Hekdesh, but developed a Mum and was subsequently redeemed, be used for: ● Pidyon Petor Chamor? This is: ● Pesulei HaMukdashim. It has been redeemed from its original Kedushah: ● But it still retains special Halachos. 1 ⃣ 2 ⃣ Like a Tzvi and Ayil 👉 Pesulei HaMukdashim are compared by the Torah to: ● Tzvi V’Ayil – a deer and similar chayah. This creates an unusual status: ● Partly resembling one type ● And partly another. Since the Mishnah already taught: ● A Chayah cannot be used for Pidyon Petor Chamor, the Gemara concludes that Pesulei HaMukdashim also cannot be used. 👉 This applies even according to Rebbe Shimon. Sheviis 1 ⃣ 3 ⃣ Can a Sheviis Animal Be Used? 👉 The Gemara asks about an animal purchased with: ● Shemittah produce or Shemittah money. Can it be used to redeem: ● A Petor Chamor? With a definite Petor Chamor: ● It cannot be used. Why? Sheviis is meant: ● L’Achlah – for consumption, and not: ● L’Sechorah – for business. Using Sheviis value to satisfy a definite financial obligation resembles: ● Doing business with Sheviis. 1 ⃣ 4 ⃣ What About a Safek Petor Chamor? 👉 Rav Chisda distinguishes: ● Vadai Petor Chamor – cannot be redeemed with Sheviis value. ● Safek Petor Chamor – may be redeemed with it. With a Safek: ● The owner does not have to give the Seh to the Kohen. He separates it: ● And keeps it himself. Therefore, this is not treated as the same type of: ● Sechorah. Sheviis and Bechor 1 ⃣ 5 ⃣ Why Can’t Sheviis Be Used for a Bechor? 👉 The Gemara discusses an animal purchased with: ● Sheviis value that would be used in connection with: ● Bechor. The Torah says regarding Sheviis: ● L’Achlah for eating. The Gemara understands: ● L’Achlah V’Lo L’Sreifah. It is for eating: ● Not for burning. A Bechor has portions that are offered: ● On the Mizbeach. Therefore, Sheviis value cannot simply be converted into something whose required use involves: ● Burning on the Mizbeach. 1 ⃣ 6 ⃣ What About Challah? 👉 The Gemara challenges this from: ● Challah made from Sheviis produce. Challah may potentially become: ● Tamei and then require: ● Burning. Yet the obligation of Challah still applies. The answer: Normally Challah is: ● Eaten. Burning happens only if: ● It becomes Tamei. But with Bechor: ● The Mizbeach service is part of its normal required use. Therefore: ● It is fundamentally different. Giving the Donkey Directly to a Kohen 1 ⃣ 7 ⃣ Can the Yisrael Just Give Him the Donkey? 👉 A Yisrael may decide: “I don’t want to deal with the Pidyon. I’ll give the Petor Chamor directly to the Kohen.” The Beraisa teaches: ● He should not simply hand it over and walk away. Rather: ● He must ensure that the Kohen performs the Pidyon. Why? Because until the Pidyon is performed: ● There are restrictions on using the donkey. 1 ⃣ 8 ⃣ Even an Ordinary Kohen – Moreh Heter 👉 We might have thought that this concern applies only to: ● A Kohen known to be careless. The Gemara teaches: ● Even an ordinary Kohen requires this precaution. Why? ● Moreh Heter. A person can convince himself: ● “It’s basically mine.” ● “Surely this is permitted.” ● “There’s no real problem using it.” 👉 The danger is not necessarily deliberate wrongdoing. It is: ● Rationalizing something that is actually forbidden. 📌 Key Chazarah ● The special Seh of Pidyon Petor Chamor cannot be a calf, chayah, shechutah, tereifah, kilayim or koy. ● The special advantage of a Seh is that it can redeem a donkey even when worth much less than the donkey. ● Rebbe Eliezer permits certain Kilayim because both sheep and goat are included in the category of Seh. ● Ben Bag Bag learns the exclusions from the word Seh by Korban Pesach. ● Unlike Korban Pesach, the Seh for Petor Chamor can be male or female, Tamim or Baal Mum, young or old. ● The Gemara discusses whether a Ben Pekuah is considered a living Seh or resembles an already-shechted animal. ● A Nidmeh has parents of one species but resembles another species. ● The Gemara discusses whether Nidmeh is disqualified like Kilayim. ● We follow the animal’s true maternal species rather than merely its appearance. ● Pesulei HaMukdashim cannot be used because they have the special status of Tzvi V’Ayil. ● Sheviis value cannot be used for a definite Petor Chamor, but Rav Chisda permits it for a Safek Petor Chamor. ● Sheviis is L’Achlah and not L’Sreifah, affecting its use for Bechor. ● Challah is different because its normal use is eating; burning occurs only if it becomes Tamei. ● If a Yisrael gives the Petor Chamor directly to a Kohen, he must make sure the Kohen performs the Pidyon. ● Even an ordinary Kohen can be Moreh Heter and convince himself that using the donkey is permitted. 📘 Catch up, review, download previous Dafim & more: https://www.dafchazarah.co.uk 📲 Now available as an app (Apple, Google & Amazon): https://dafchazarah.co.uk/download 🤝 Sponsor a day: https://dafchazarah.co.uk/sponsor לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל