Daf 118 — Zevachim 118 Summary

Zevachim 118 – Good Morning Raboisai Individual vs. Community on a Bamah The daf opens with the rule that korbanos brought in the Midbar could also be brought when Klal Yisrael entered Gilgal . Key distinction: • Yachid (individual) : o May bring only nedavah (voluntary korbanos) o May not bring chovah (obligatory korbanos) • Tzibbur (community) : o May bring both nedavah and chovah Source: • The pasuk emphasizes “ אִי ׁש הַיָּׁשָּר בְּעֵינָּיו ” o “Yashar” = what comes from one’s own heart o Voluntary, not forced by obligation The Word “Ish” — Who May Perform Avodah on a Bamah The Torah unnecessarily adds the word “ איש ” , which teaches a major chiddush: • On a bamah , avodah may be done by a Yisrael , not only a Kohen Contrast: • In the Beis HaMikdash → only Kohanim • On a private bamah → zar is kasher Rejection of an alternative: • Not limited to Bechorim • Any Yisrael may perform the avodah Obligatory Korbanos with a Fixed Time Rabbi Shimon introduces a qualification: • A korban chovah with a fixed time ( קָבּוע ַ זְמַן ) o Example: Korban Pesach • May still be brought when bamot are permitted But: • A chovah without a fixed time o Example: Par He’elem Davar • May not be brought on a bamah Reason: • Fixed - time korbanos were never suspended • They must be brought when their time arrives Korban Pesach in the Midbar — A Proof Challenge: • If chovah korbanos are not brought on a bamah, how was Korban Pesach brought in the Midbar? Answer: • Pesach has a fixed annual time • Therefore, it overrides the general rule Bris Milah, Tumah, and Parah Adumah Important historical chiddush: • During the 40 years in the Midbar: o No one had bris milah • When entering Eretz Yisrael: o Mass bris milah took place on 11 Nissan • Four days later → Korban Pesach Problem: • Most of Klal Yisrael were tamei meis • Not enough time for: o Day 3 and Day 7 sprinkling Conclusion: • Parah Adumah sprinkling was done even on people without bris milah • This proves: o Bris milah is not a prerequisite for becoming tahor via Parah Adumah Bamah Gedolah vs. Bamah Ketannah — A Clear Nafkamina The Gemara seeks a clean distinction: • Bamah Gedolah (public) : o May bring even chovah • Bamah Ketannah (private) : o Only nedavah Best example: • Olah o Exists as both: ▪ Olah nedavah ▪ Olah chovah (e.g. Tamid) Other korbanos do not fit as cleanly. Shiloh — House or Tent? Contradictory pesukim: • One calls Shiloh a “ בית ” • Another calls it an “ אוהל ” Resolution: • Stone walls • No roof • Covered with fabric Unique halacha in Shiloh: Kodshim Kalim may be eaten anywhere that can see Shiloh Even far away — as long as there is direct line of sight . Seeing Shiloh — What Counts as “Seeing”? Clarifications: • Must actually see , not hypothetically • Partial view is sufficient • If standing you see it, but sitting you do not: o Machlokes whether this counts Key rule: If you cannot bring the korban there, you also cannot shecht it there. Yosef HaTzaddik and Shiloh Aggadic connection: • Yosef resisted taking what was not his • In reward: o His portion merited Shiloh o Where people benefit from korbanos only if they truly see Measure - for - measure: Yosef avoided improper benefit → benefit from Shiloh requires honest sight. Tribal Boundaries — Yosef and Binyamin Question: • Shiloh was in Ephraim (Yosef) , yet the Shechinah rests in Binyamin ? Answer: • The Mizbeach straddled borders • Just as in the Beis HaMikdash: o Mizbeach crosses tribal lines • Shiloh mirrored this structure Binyamin: • Desired the entire Mizbeach • Was granted partial connection Takeaway – Zevachim 118 • Individuals on a bamah bring only voluntary korbanos • Communities may bring obligatory ones • Avodah on a bamah may be done by a Yisrael • Fixed - time korbanos (Pesach) are never suspended • Parah Adumah can purify even before bris milah • Shiloh had walls but no roof • Kodshim Kalim could be eaten anywhere with line - of - sight to Shiloh • “Seeing” must be real, not hypothetical • Yosef’s integrity shaped Shiloh’s kedushah • Mizbeach sanctity can span tribal borders לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל