Daf 11 — Bechoros 11 Summary

Bechoros 11 – Good Morning Raboisai 1 ⃣ Petor Chamor After Arifah 👉 The Daf continues the Machlokes about Petor Chamor. Rebbe Yehudah holds: ● While alive, before Pidyon, it is Assur B’Hanaah. Rebbe Shimon holds: ● While alive, it is Mutar B’Hanaah. The question is: ● What happens after Arifah, when the owner chooses not to redeem the donkey and instead breaks its neck? Rav Nachman says that even according to Rebbe Shimon: ● After Arifah it becomes Assur B’Hanaah. 11_transcript 2 ⃣ Arifah from Eglah Arufah 👉 The source is a Gezeirah Shavah: ● Arifah is written by Petor Chamor. ● Arifah is also written by Eglah Arufah. Just as an Eglah Arufah becomes: ● Assur B’Hanaah, so too a Petor Chamor after Arifah is: ● Assur B’Hanaah. 3 ⃣ Why Is a Limud Needed According to Rebbe Yehudah? 👉 The Gemara asks: According to Rebbe Yehudah, the Petor Chamor was already: ● Assur B’Hanaah while alive. Why would we need a special source to teach that it remains forbidden: ● After Arifah? Perhaps we would have thought: Just as Pidyon removes the Issur: ● Arifah also removes the Issur. Therefore, the Gezeirah Shavah teaches: ● Arifah does not permit it. 4 ⃣ A Punishment for Refusing to Redeem 👉 The Gemara describes Arifah as a loss imposed on the owner: He refused to: ● Redeem the donkey and give the Seh to the Kohen. Therefore: ● He suffers a financial loss. This is Midah K’neged Midah: ● He tried to deprive the Kohen, so he loses the value of his donkey. 5 ⃣ Where Is the Loss According to Rebbe Yehudah? 👉 But according to Rebbe Yehudah: ● The donkey was already Assur B’Hanaah. So what additional financial loss occurs through: ● Arifah? The Gemara explains that while alive, the donkey still has: ● Bein HaBeinayim – the difference between its value and the cost of redeeming it. For example: ● Donkey worth 1,000 ● Seh worth 500 After redeeming it: ● The owner effectively retains 500 of value. Arifah causes him to lose: ● That remaining value. 6 ⃣ The Loss According to Rebbe Shimon 👉 According to Rebbe Shimon, another possibility is: The donkey may remain: ● Mutar B’Hanaah even after Arifah. Nevertheless, the owner still suffers a major loss because: ● A living donkey is valuable. ● A dead donkey is worth far less. So Arifah itself: ● Causes the financial punishment. 7 ⃣ Reish Lakish and Rebbe Yochanan 👉 Reish Lakish holds: According to Rebbe Shimon: ● Before Arifah – Mutar B’Hanaah. ● After Arifah – Assur B’Hanaah. Rebbe Yochanan, in the name of Rebbe Elazar, holds that: ● The Machlokes can continue even after Arifah. Meaning Rebbe Shimon can maintain that: ● It remains Mutar B’Hanaah. Kiddushin with a Petor Chamor 8 ⃣ Can a Petor Chamor Be Used for Kiddushin? 👉 The Gemara discusses someone who tells a woman: ● “Harei At Mekudeshes Li with this Petor Chamor.” Whether the Kiddushin works depends on: ● Whether the donkey has monetary value for him. According to Rebbe Shimon: ● If it is Mutar B’Hanaah, it clearly has value. According to Rebbe Yehudah: ● Even though it is Assur B’Hanaah, there can still be value in the Bein HaBeinayim. 9 ⃣ The Value Remaining After Pidyon 👉 Suppose: ● The donkey is worth 1,000 ● The required redemption costs 500. Even according to Rebbe Yehudah, the owner has: ● 500 of potential value. Once he redeems it: ● The donkey becomes fully usable. Therefore, an object being presently Assur B’Hanaah does not necessarily mean: ● It has absolutely no monetary interest for its owner. When Must Petor Chamor Be Redeemed? 🔟 Tifdeh – Immediately 👉 The Torah repeats the command to redeem: ● Petor Chamor. One Drashah teaches: ● Tifdeh Miyad Unlike Pidyon HaBen: ● There is no need to wait thirty days. A Petor Chamor may be redeemed: ● Immediately. 1 ⃣ 1 ⃣ Why Might We Have Thought Thirty Days? 👉 Bechor Adam and Petor Chamor appear together in the Pesukim. Therefore, we might have compared them: Just as Pidyon HaBen requires: ● Thirty days ● And five Selaim, perhaps Petor Chamor also requires: ● Thirty days ● And a substantial minimum value. The Pasuk teaches: ● Petor Chamor can be redeemed immediately. How Much Must the Pidyon Be Worth? 1 ⃣ 2 ⃣ Kol Shehu or a Shekel? 👉 The Gemara discusses the minimum value required for: ● Pidyon Petor Chamor. One opinion holds: ● Kol Shehu – even something of very small value can work. Another requires: ● At least a Shekel. The Shekel requirement is connected to the general minimum value found in: ● Erchin. 1 ⃣ 3 ⃣ Halachah Like the Chachamim 👉 Rav Nachman says: ● Halachah K’Divrei Chachamim. The Chachamim permit redemption with: ● Kol Shehu. The Gemara nevertheless discusses practical amounts that should be given: ● Rather than merely the technical minimum. 1 ⃣ 4 ⃣ The Question to Rebbe Tarfon 👉 Someone asked Rebbe Tarfon: How much should I give the Kohen for: ● Pidyon Petor Chamor? He answered: ● Ayin Yafah – generously, a Sela. ● Ayin Ra’ah – a Shekel. ● Beinonis – the middle amount. The middle amount is: ● Three Zuz. This is called: ● Regiya. 1 ⃣ 5 ⃣ Kol Shehu or Three Zuz? 👉 The Gemara asks: Rav Nachman said the Halachah is: ● Kol Shehu. Yet now the Gemara says: ● Three Zuz. The answer: When someone comes to ask: ● We instruct him to give the proper Beinonis amount. But regarding the basic validity of the Pidyon: ● A smaller amount can still work. Must the Redemption Be a Seh? 1 ⃣ 6 ⃣ Seh or Full Value 👉 The Torah specifically mentions redeeming Petor Chamor with: ● A Seh. However, the Gemara explains that redemption can also be performed with: ● Other items of value. The difference is: With a Seh: ● It can redeem the donkey even when worth much less. With other items: ● The full value of the donkey must be given. 👉 The Seh is therefore: ● A special leniency. 1 ⃣ 7 ⃣ Redeeming with Other Property 👉 The transcript gives the example of using: ● Cooked vegetables or other property. If one does not use a Seh: ● He must give the Kohen the donkey’s full value. Therefore: ● A cheap Seh can be far more advantageous. Redeeming Someone Else’s Petor Chamor 1 ⃣ 8 ⃣ Can I Redeem Your Donkey? 👉 Rav Sheizvi says in the name of Rav Huna: If someone redeems: ● His friend’s Petor Chamor, the redemption works. This is different from certain other Mitzvos where: ● The owner’s consent is required. So even another person can successfully perform: ● The Pidyon. 1 ⃣ 9 ⃣ Who Gets the Donkey? 👉 This creates a fascinating question. If I redeem: ● Your Petor Chamor, does the donkey now become: ● Mine because I performed the Pidyon? Or does it remain: ● Yours? According to Rebbe Shimon, the answer seems straightforward: ● The original owner already had the right to benefit from it. Therefore: ● It remains his donkey. The greater question is according to: ● Rebbe Yehudah. 2 ⃣ 0 ⃣ Is Petor Chamor Like Hekdesh? 👉 According to Rebbe Yehudah, the donkey is: ● Assur B’Hanaah before Pidyon. Perhaps it resembles: ● Hekdesh, where the person who redeems it can acquire: ● The redeemed object. Or perhaps the original owner retains: ● The Bein HaBeinayim and therefore still has ownership in: ● The donkey. 2 ⃣ 1 ⃣ The Proof from Kefel 👉 The Gemara brings a powerful proof. If someone steals: ● A Petor Chamor, he can be liable to pay: ● Kefel. But according to Rebbe Yehudah, the owner cannot currently use: ● The donkey. Why is stealing it considered: ● Stealing his property? Because the owner has a future monetary right: ● He can redeem it and then use its full value. 👉 This shows that despite the present Issur Hanaah: ● The donkey remains financially connected to its original owner. Safek Petor Chamor and Maaser Behemah 2 ⃣ 2 ⃣ Ten Safek Donkeys 👉 The Mishnah taught that a Seh separated for a Safek Petor Chamor can still be used in: ● Maaser Behemah. The Gemara discusses someone with: ● Ten Safek Petor Chamorim. He separates: ● Ten sheep. Since the Kohen cannot prove that the Safek animals were definitely obligated: ● The owner can retain the sheep. He then puts the sheep through: ● Maaser Behemah. One becomes: ● Maaser and the remaining nine: ● Stay with him. Inheritance Through a Kohen 2 ⃣ 3 ⃣ Yisrael → Kohen → Yisrael 👉 The Gemara discusses an unusual inheritance case. A Yisrael owns definite: ● Petor Chamorim. They are inherited by: ● A Kohen. The Kohen would perform the Pidyon but: ● Keep the sheep himself. The property is later inherited from that Kohen by: ● A Yisrael. The final Yisrael performs the necessary Pidyon, but: ● He can retain the sheep. Why? Because he inherited the monetary rights that: ● The Kohen possessed. The Same Principle with Terumos and Maasros 2 ⃣ 4 ⃣ Inherited Produce 👉 The Gemara gives a similar case involving: ● Produce requiring Terumos and Maasros. A Kohen who inherited the produce would have certain rights to: ● The gifts. If that right is subsequently inherited by: ● A Yisrael, the Yisrael can retain the gifts that: ● His Kohen predecessor was entitled to keep. 2 ⃣ 5 ⃣ Why Do We Need Both Cases? 👉 The Gemara explains why we need both: ● Petor Chamor ● And produce. With Petor Chamor: ● The sheep is a separate object that must still be brought and designated. With produce: ● The Terumah and Maaser are already contained within the pile. We might therefore have thought that the inherited rights work: ● Only in one of these situations. The Gemara teaches: ● The principle applies to both. Produce Bought from a Non-Jew 2 ⃣ 6 ⃣ Miruach and Maaser 👉 The Gemara discusses produce owned by a non-Jew where: ● A Jew performs the Miruach – the final smoothing of the pile. The transcript explains the principle: ● Ein Kinyan L’Nochri B’Eretz Yisrael L’Hafkia Miyad Maaser. Non-Jewish ownership of land in Eretz Yisrael does not necessarily: ● Remove the obligation of Maaser. The Gemara then discusses: ● What must be separated ● And what the Kohen can actually demand. Produce Left with Others 2 ⃣ 7 ⃣ Was the Produce Switched? 👉 If produce is deposited with: ● A Kusi ● An Am Ha’aretz ● Or a non-Jew, the Gemara discusses whether we are concerned that: ● The produce was exchanged. This affects whether: ● Terumos and Maasros must be separated again. There can also be a distinction between: ● Having to separate the gifts and: ● Whether the Kohen can actually demand them. If the Seh Dies 2 ⃣ 8 ⃣ The Kohen’s Right Begins Once It Is Separated 👉 The Mishnah taught that if the Seh used for Petor Chamor dies: ● One may benefit from it. The Gemara explains the Chiddush. A Yisrael separated a Seh to give to: ● The Kohen, but before he actually handed it over: ● The Seh died. We might have thought that because it remained physically: ● In the Yisrael’s possession, the Kohen never acquired rights to it. The Gemara teaches: Once it was properly separated: ● The Kohen already has a monetary right in it. Therefore, even if it dies before being handed over: ● It still belongs to the Kohen for purposes of Hanaah. 📌 Key Chazarah ● Rebbe Shimon permits Hanaah from a living Petor Chamor before Pidyon; the Gemara discusses whether this changes after Arifah. ● Arifah of Petor Chamor is compared to Eglah Arufah. ● Even according to Rebbe Yehudah, a Petor Chamor has monetary value through the Bein HaBeinayim. ● Petor Chamor may be redeemed immediately; unlike Pidyon HaBen, there is no thirty-day wait. ● The Gemara discusses whether the minimum Pidyon is Kol Shehu or a Shekel. ● Rebbe Tarfon gives three Zuz as the normal Beinonis amount when someone asks how much to give. ● A Seh may redeem a Petor Chamor even when worth far less than the donkey. ● Other property can also be used, but must equal the donkey’s full value. ● Someone can redeem another person’s Petor Chamor. ● The Gemara discusses whether the redeemed donkey belongs to the redeemer or remains with its original owner. ● The obligation of Kefel shows that even according to Rebbe Yehudah, the original owner retains monetary rights in the donkey. ● Ten sheep separated for Safek Petor Chamorim can enter Maaser Behemah. ● The Daf discusses inherited rights passing from a Yisrael to a Kohen and then back to a Yisrael. ● A similar principle applies to Terumos and Maasros. ● Once a Seh has been separated for the Kohen, the Kohen has rights to it even if it dies before reaching his hands. 📘 Catch up, review, download previous Dafim & more: https://www.dafchazarah.co.uk 📲 Now available as an app (Apple, Google & Amazon): https://dafchazarah.co.uk/download 🤝 Sponsor a day: https://dafchazarah.co.uk/sponsor לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל