Daf 59 — Menachos 59 Summary

Menachos 59 – Good Morning Raboisai The Prohibition of Burning שאור and דבש The Torah states: “ כי כל שאור וכל דבש לא תקטירו ממנו אשה לה׳ .” From this פסוק we learn a prohibition against placing שאור (leaven) or דבש (fruit sweetness) onto the mizbeach. “ דבש ” here does not only mean date honey . Chazal explain that it refers broadly to sweet fruit substances , meaning fruit products may not be burned on the mizbeach. Why the Torah Says “ כל שאור ” and “ כל דבש ” The Gemara asks why both items are mentioned. Each teaches something unique: • שאור might seem permitted because something similar appears with the שתי הלחם of Shavuos. • דבש might seem permitted because fruits appear in the mitzvah of ביכורים . Therefore the Torah states both to prohibit each one when it comes to the mizbeach. The Word “ כל ” The extra word “ כל ” teaches that the prohibition applies even in cases of: • Partial amounts • Mixtures Even a very small quantity placed on the mizbeach is included in the prohibition. Burning a Mixture of שאור and דבש Rava explains that if someone burns a mixture containing both שאור and דבש , he may incur multiple violations. The person can be liable for: • The prohibition of שאור • The prohibition of דבש • The prohibition of the mixture Each aspect can count as a separate transgression. The Issue of Lav Shebichlalos The Gemara then discusses whether this counts as a לאו שבכללות — a prohibition stated in a general way covering multiple items. There is a rule: A lav shebichlalos sometimes does not result in lashes , because the prohibition is too general. Some opinions say lashes still apply. Others say the punishment of lashes applies only to a more clearly defined prohibition. Comparison to the Law of Not Muzzling an Ox The Gemara compares this rule to the pasuk: “ לא תחסום שור בדישו .” This prohibition is very clear and specific , and therefore it serves as a model for when lashes are given. If a prohibition is less precise or includes multiple categories together, it may fall under lav shebichlalos . Yesodos of the Daf • The Torah forbids burning שאור and דבש on the mizbeach. • “ דבש ” refers broadly to sweet fruit substances , not only honey. • The word “ כל ” teaches that even small amounts or mixtures are prohibited. • Burning a mixture of שאור and דבש can create multiple violations. • The Gemara analyzes whether this falls under the rule of לאו שבכללות , which affects whether lashes are given. לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל