Daf 80 — Zevachim 80 Summary

Zevachim 80 – Good Morning Raboisai Summary of Reb Eli Stefansky’s Shiur Dam Tamin Mixed With Dam Baal Mum We begin with the Mishnah’s case: Blood of a perfect korban mixes with blood of a baal mum (invalid animal). Halacha: You must pour everything into the Amah (the drainage canal). No Avodah may be done with this mixture. This repeats a sugya we learned earlier — so the Gemara asks why we need it again. Mixed Cups of Blood — Bitul B’Rov and Retroactive Clarification If you have many cups of valid blood and one cup of invalid blood , and: • Someone unknowingly sprinkled one cup , then: We assume the cup used was the invalid one Therefore the remaining cups are all valid (This follows bitul b’rov and the rule of bererah — retroactive selection.) This mirrors the case of animal heads mixed together: • One animal was a baal mum • Someone placed one head on the Mizbeach • We assume that head was the invalid one • The remaining heads may be brought But the heads need to be offered two at a time because one of the two will always be kosher. The Gemara asks if this logic should apply to the cups of blood as well. Kidsun vs. Kisim — Individual Cups vs. Pairs The Mishnah mentions kisim (plural pairs) of cups. Gemara clarifies: “One set” = two cups offered together. This way, one is certainly valid. Thus: • A pair of cups may be sprinkled • After that pair is used, all others are assumed valid • If ONE cup remains unused → that one is assumed the invalid cup → must be poured out. Meat Sprinkled Above vs. Below the Red Line The Mishnah transitions to cases of mixed blood of Chatas and Olah : • Chatas blood → sprinkled above the red line • Olah blood → sprinkled below the red line If mixed, what should the Kohen do? Rebbi Eliezer: Sprinkle above , but with the mindset that “what doesn’t belong here is like water.” This is the famous concept of רואין — “we view the inappropriate part as water.” Chachamim: No. You cannot rely on רואין . Pour everything into the Amah. Why No R’ayah (Viewing as Water) on the Bottom? Above the red line, we need to do Chatas blood. Below the red line: • Chatas also ultimately gets poured into the shiraim holes • So its appearance below the line is justified • Therefore no special mental redirection (“water”) is needed below But Olah blood cannot appear above the line without becoming pasul. So according to Chachamim , we simply cannot do it. Confirming the Case: Only Animal Korbanos How do we know the Mishnah refers to animals , not birds? Because: • The Mishnah mentions a kli holding the blood • Bird offerings do not use a kli; their blood is “mitzuy” (pressed directly onto the Mizbeach) Thus, the sugya refers exclusively to beheimos . Matan A c ḥ as Mixed With Matan Arba Next case: korbanos with one application of blood (bechor, maaser, pesach) mixed with korbanos requiring four applications (olah, shelamim). What to do? Chachamim: If both need one , do one. If both need four , do four. But if one needs one and one needs four → You are stuck. Why stuck? • Doing four = violation of bal tosef (adding to Torah) • Doing one = violation of bal tigra (subtracting from Torah) Machlokes Rebbi Eliezer vs. Rebbi Yehoshua Rebbi Eliezer: Do four . Why? Only when the korban is “standing alone” does doing extra count as bal tosef. But here I am not doing extra on the one that requires only one — I’m acting for the sake of the one that needs four. Rebbi Yehoshua: Do one . Why? Bal tigra involves failing to act . Bal tosef requires an active violation . Therefore: • Doing four → an active aveirah • Doing one → a passive aveirah And שב ואל תעשה עדיף — it is better to do nothing additional. Mixed Heads vs. Mixed Blood — Why Two Separate Sugyos? Someone challenged: Why do we need both the sugya of mixed heads and mixed blood ? Aren’t they identical? Rav Yirmiyah explains: • Mixed heads come after Zrikas HaDam (after kaparah) → Lighter halacha • Mixed blood IS the kaparah itself → Stricter halacha Thus, each case teaches a different rule. Final Sugya — Mei Chatas Mixed With Pasul Water Huge and beautiful sugya: A container of Mei Chatas (Parah Adumah water) gets mixed with regular water . Three halachic factors: 1. Yesh Bilah? Do liquids mix perfectly so each drop contains both kinds? 2. Hazayah Tzrichah Shiur? Does sprinkling require a minimum amount? 3. Mitztarfin Hazayos? Do two incomplete sprinklings combine into one? 1 Three Positions Reish Lakish: • Yesh Bilah (liquids mix fully) • Hazayah requires a shiur • Hazayos do NOT combine Thus: mixture ruins everything → person must be sprinkled twice (for certainty). But this is difficult because if yesh bilah + shiur + no combining → two sprinkles still fail mathematically. Rebbi Yochanan: • Yesh Bilah • NO shiur needed • Two sprinkles required as a penalty , not halachic necessity Chachamim punish you for diluting holy water. Rav Ashi: • Ein Bilah (liquids do not fully mix) • NO shiur • Must sprinkle twice because maybe the first time he got zero valid drops Second time increases chances. This is probabilistic halacha. 1 Powerful Challenge Against Rav Ashi If ein bilah (no mixing), then: • When blood of Chatas and Olah is mixed (earlier sugya), how can Rebbi Eliezer say to sprinkle above the red line? Maybe the part he sprinkled was 100% Olah blood! (which would make the korban pasul) The Gemara answers: He poured more than the total amount of Olah blood ensuring at least some Chatas blood was included. But what about needing Chatas blood below the red line afterward? Answer: He only gets credit for shirayim , not Zrikah. Thus Rav Ashi survives the challenge. Takeaway – Zevachim 80 • Mixed cups of blood follow rules similar to mixed animal heads: assume the last cup is the invalid one. • Chatas blood (above red line) and Olah blood (below) create halachic contradictions when mixed; Rebbi Eliezer uses mental redirection ( רואין ), Chachamim reject it. • Bal Tosef vs. Bal Tigra: o Rebbi Eliezer → do four o Rebbi Yehoshua → do one ( שב ואל תעשה ) • Mixed heads vs. mixed blood are separate because of their differing levels of severity (pre - vs. post - kaparah). • The Mei Chatas sugya depends on three principles: Bilah , Shiur , Tziruf Hazayos . • Each Amora builds a different model from these principles. לעילוי נשמת אמי מורתי רות בת הרב מנחם מנדל